scholarly journals An Individual-Tree Growth and Yield Prediction System for Even-Aged Natural Shortleaf Pine Forests

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Lynch ◽  
Kenneth L. Hitch ◽  
Michael M. Huebschmann ◽  
Paul A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Computer Simulation Program ◽  
Stand Attributes

Abstract The development of a system of equations that model the growth and development of even-aged natural shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pine forests is described. The growth prediction system is a distance-independent individual-tree simulator containing equations that predict basal-area growth, survival, total and merchantable heights, and total and merchantable volumes for shortleaf pine trees. These equations were combined into a computer simulation program that predicts future states of shortleaf pine stands from initial stand descriptions. Comparisons of observed and predicted ending stand conditions in shortleaf pine research plots indicate the simulator makes acceptable forecasts of final stand attributes. South. J. Appl. For. 23(4):203-211.

scholarly journals An Individual-Tree Growth and Yield Prediction System for Uneven-Aged Shortleaf Pine Stands

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Huebschmann ◽  
Lawrence R. Gering ◽  
Thomas B. Lynch ◽  
Onesphore Bitoki ◽  
Paul A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract A system of equations modeling the growth and development of uneven-aged shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands is described. The prediction system consists of two main components: (1) a distance-independent, individual-tree simulator containing equations that forecast ingrowth, basal-area growth, probability of survival, total and merchantable heights, and total and merchantable volumes and weights of shortleaf pine trees; and (2) stand-level equations that predict hardwood ingrowth, basal-area growth, and mortality. These equations were combined into a computer simulation program that forecasts future states of uneven-aged shortleaf pine stands. Based on comparisons of observed and predicted stand conditions in shortleaf pine permanent forest inventory plots and examination of the growth patterns of hypothetical stands, the simulator makes acceptable forecasts of stand attributes. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):112-120.

Determinants of tree quality and lumber value in natural uneven-aged southern pine stands

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P Prestemon ◽  
Joseph Buongiorno
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

An ordered-probit model was developed to predict tree grade from tree- and stand-level variables, some of which could be changed by management. Applied to uneven-aged mixed loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) - shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands, the model showed that the grade of pine trees was highly correlated with tree diameter, tree height, and stand basal area, in non-linear fashion. In addition, a tree was more likely to be of high quality if it grew on industry or government forestland, on poorer sites, and in stands that had been partially cut in the past. However, the effects of changes in these variables on the unit value of recovered lumber were small. The exceptions were tree diameter and height, which were the most important indicators of lumber value.

scholarly journals Competition Effects on Growth and Crown Dimensions of Shortleaf and Loblolly Pine in Mature, Natural-Origin, Pine–Hardwood Mixtures of the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of Arkansas, USA: A Neighborhood Analysis

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bataineh ◽  
Ethan Childs
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Dimensions

The need for a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of competition has never been more important as plants adapt to a changing environment and as forest management evolves to focus on maintaining and enhancing complexity. With the recent decline in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) land area, it is critical to determine the effects of competition on shortleaf pine and its performance against loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the preferred planted replacement. We evaluate differences in shortleaf and loblolly pine 10 year mean basal area increment (BAI) and crown dimensions across a gradient of neighborhoods. Linear mixed-effects regression models were developed using BAI and several crown metrics as responses and crowding, competitor species abundance and identity, and initial size and species identity of focal tree as predictors. Crowding of focal trees negatively impacted BAI and crown size (p < 0.001, respectively). Although loblolly pine had three times higher BAI as compared to shortleaf pine within similar neighborhoods, BAI was variable, and the crowding effect did not differ between shortleaf and loblolly pine (p ranged from 0.51–0.99). Competitive impacts on focal trees did not differ by competitor identity (p ranged from 0.07–0.70). Distance-independent competition indices better explained the variation in BAI and horizontal crown metrics, while distance-dependent size ratios were more effective at evaluating vertical crown metrics. These findings highlight shortleaf pine competitive potential in mature, natural-origin stands and provide support for the restoration of pine–hardwood and hardwood–pine stratified mixtures as well as management of shortleaf pine at long rotations.

scholarly journals Using JABOWA-3 for forest growth and yield predictions under diverse forest conditions of Nova Scotia, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (06) ◽  
pp. 708-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irfan Ashraf ◽  
Charles P.-A. Bourque ◽  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Thom Erdle ◽  
Fan-Rui Meng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Model Prediction ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Forest Conditions ◽  
Forest Growth And Yield

Empirical growth and yield models developed from historical data are commonly used in developing long-term strategic forest management plans. Use of these models rests on an assumption that there will be no future change in the tree growing environment. However, major impacts on forest growing conditions are expected to occur with climate change. As a result, there is a pressing need for tools capable of incorporating outcomes of climate change in their predictions of forest growth and yield. Process-based models have this capability and may, therefore, help to satisfy this requirement. In this paper, we evaluate the suitability of an ecological, individual-tree-based model (JABOWA-3) in generating forest growth and yield projections for diverse forest conditions across Nova Scotia, Canada. Model prediction accuracy was analyzed statistically by comparing modelled with observed basal area and merchantable volume changes for 35 permanent sample plots (PSPs) measured over periods of at least 25 years. Generally, modelled basal area and merchantable volume agreed fairly well with observed data, yielding coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.97 and 0.94 and model efficiencies (ME) of 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. A Chi-square test was performed to assess model accuracy with respect to changes in species composition. We found that 83% of species-growth trajectories based on measured basal area were adequately modelled with JABOWA-3 (P > 0.9). Model-prediction accuracy, however, was substantially reduced for those PSPs altered by some level of disturbance. In general, JABOWA-3 is much better at providing forest yield predictions, subject to the availability of suitable climatic and soil information.

scholarly journals Genetic Control of Growth Traits in Shortleaf Pine in Missouri

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Gwaze ◽  
Ross Melick ◽  
Charly Studyvin ◽  
Mark Coggeshall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract Genetic parameters for height (HT), diameter (diameter at breast height [dbh]), and volume for a shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) population in Missouri were estimated from a single progeny test comprising 44 half-sibling families assessed at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 17 years. Individual tree heritability estimates for growth traits at age 10 years and younger were high (0.30–0.43), and those at age 17 years were low (0.11–0.24). Heritability estimates for dbh were lower than those for HT. Family mean heritability estimates were moderate to high (0.32–0.66). Genetic correlations were higher than their phenotypic counterparts for all growth traits. Age-age genetic correlations for growth traits were moderate to high (0.68–0.98), indicating opportunity for early selection. Genetic correlations between different growth traits were high (0.81–1.00). Indirect selection on age 5- or 7-year HTs may be expected to produce over 25% more volume at 17 years compared with direct selection for volume at age 17 years. Efficiencies of selection suggest that early HT is a better selection criterion for volume at older ages than dbh because of the high heritability at young ages and strong juvenile-mature genetic correlations. Genetic gain in an unrogued seed orchard was predicted to be 6.7 and 27.2% for 10- and 17-year volume, respectively. These results suggest that growth traits in shortleaf pine in Missouri have high genetic variation, and genetic improvement was effective. South. J. Appl. For. 29(4):200–204.

Management of Shortleaf Pine Plantations in North Mississippi

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Hamlin L. Williston
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine

Abstract Residual basal areas did not have a significant effect on cubic volume growth in a shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) thinning study in north Mississippi first thinned at age 23 and remeasured at five-year intervals to age 48. Residual basal area did have a significant effect on board foot growth between age 38 and 45, the period during which board foot growth peaked. Cubic foot growth appears to have peaked at about age 35. Average total 48-year production on thinned plots was 64 cords and 15,868 board feet, International ¼-inch Rule.

Basal Area and Volume Development of Natural Even-Aged Shortleaf Pine Stands in the Ouachita Mountains

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murphy ◽  
Edwin R. Lawson ◽  
Thomas B. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands, average age 41 years, were thinned to different density levels (45 to 125 ft² of basal area in increments of 20 ft²). The stands received no further thinning. Equations for projected volumes and basal area per acre given initial conditions were formulated and fitted. The following trends were observed using the equations. Over a 24-year period, total basal area growth per acre started out over 2 ft² and had declined to less than 2 ft² by the end. Annual basal area growth had already culminated by age 41. Total annual cubic-foot volume growth per acre depended largely on initial stocking. The initial stocking and subsequent growth of the sawtimber portion were not related to the thinning treatments. Although sawtimber periodic annual cubic-foot growth culminated during the period under study, board-foot growth did not, indicating that mean annual increment for board-foot volumes had not culminated by age 64. South. J. Appl. For. 16(1):30-34.

Selection Management of Shortleaf Pine in the Ouachita Mountains

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murphy ◽  
James B. Baker ◽  
Edwin R. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Q Value ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Experimental Watersheds

Abstract Selection (uneven-aged) management was instituted in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands on three experimental watersheds in the Ouachita Mountains. The residual stand structure imposed on each was 60 ft² of basal area, a maximum tree diameter of 18 in., and a q value of 1.2 for 1 in. dbh classes. Hardwoods were injected with herbicide before the initial harvest. The average annual per-acre growth for the three watersheds for the first 6-year management period was 2 ft² of merchantable basal area growth, 57 ft³ of merchantable volume growth, and sawtimber growth of 157 board feet for the Doyle rule, 231 bd ft for the Scribner rule, and 274 bd ft for the International ¼-inch rule. Basal area and merchantable volume growth were up to expectations, but sawtimber growth was not. Sawtimber growth may increase as stand structure improves under management. South J. Appl. For. 15(1):61-67.

Sawtimber Volume Predictions for Uneven-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands on Average Sites

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murphy ◽  
Robert M. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Equations are given to estimate current and projected sawtimber volumes and projected basal area of the sawtimber portion of uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf (Pinus taeda L.-Pinus echinata Mill.) pine stands managed under the selection system. The independent variables are elapsed time, initial merchantable basal area, and the initial ratio of sawtimber basal area to merchantable basal area. The results should provide guidelines for the board-foot and cubic-foot production of sawtimber-sized trees in uneven-aged stands that occur on average sites (site index 90, loblolly pine) in the Coastal Plain.

Calibrating predicted diameter distribution with additional information in growth and yield predictions

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Kangas ◽  
Matti Maltamo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Diameter Distributions

Diameter distribution of the growing stock is essential in many forest management planning problems. The diameter distribution is the basis for predicting, for example, timber assortments of a stand. Usually the predicted diameter distribution is scaled so that the stem number (or basal area) corresponds to the measured value (or predicted future value), but it may be difficult to obtain a distribution that gives correct estimates for all known variables. Diameter distributions that are compatible with all available information can be obtained using an approach adopted from sampling theory, the calibration estimation. In calibration estimation, the original predicted frequencies are modified so that they respect a set of constraints, the calibration equations. In this paper, an example of utilizing diameter distributions in growth and yield predictions is presented. The example is based on individual tree growth models of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Calibration estimation was utilized in predicting the diameter distribution at the beginning of the simulation period. Then, trees were picked from the distribution and their development was predicted with individual tree models. In predicting the current stand characteristics, calibrated diameter distributions proved to be efficient. However, in predicting future yields, calibration estimation did not significantly improve the accuracy of the results.

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