scholarly journals 0550 Insomnia is Associated with Greater Arterial Stiffness and Cardiac Dysfunction

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A210-A211
Author(s):  
M E Petrov ◽  
S D Youngstedt ◽  
F Mookadam ◽  
N Jiao ◽  
L M Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
2D Echocardiography

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a novel and modifiable risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, identification of early markers of subclinical CVD in diagnosed insomnia is understudied. Our aim for this ongoing study is to contrast markers of cardiovascular structure and function between people with insomnia and good-sleeping controls. Methods Persons with insomnia (met ICSD-III criteria) and good sleeping controls (<8 Insomnia Severity Index, mean 8-night SOL and WASO<31min) were recruited from the community. Twenty-two adults (21-39y; 55% women) with no history of CVD, diabetes, inflammatory conditions, significant hypertension, or current sleep-disordered breathing (WatchPat200, Itamar Medical) were enrolled and underwent fasting cardiovascular testing. Testing included: Central augmented aortic pressure (AP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) for vascular stiffness; brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) to assess endothelial function; and 2D echocardiography to assess ejection fraction (EF%), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), left atrial volume index (LAVI), mitral valve E/e’ ratio (E/e’), and lateral e’. ANCOVA models, adjusting for age, comparing persons with insomnia (n=6) to good sleeping controls (n=16) on each cardiovascular measure were conducted. Results AP (range:-5,10mmHg), cfPWV (range: 4.8-7.6m/s), EF% (range:55.0-72.0%), LVGLS (range:-26,-19%) LAVI (range:14.1-26.7mL/m2), E/e’ (range:3.2-7.8), and lateral e’ (range:0.09-0.22cm/sec) were all within normal ranges according to age and sex normative standards. Mean FMD was 8.8% (SD=4.3, range:4.3-19.8%). Age adjusted ANCOVA models indicated that the insomnia group had significantly worse cardiovascular function than good sleeping controls on cfPWV (M=6.8±0.3 vs. M=5.7±0.2; p=0.004), EF% (M=60.0±1.7 vs. M=65.2±1.0; p=0.017), LVGLS (M=-21.6±0.6 vs. M=-24.3±0.4; p=0.001), and lateral e’ (M=0.12±0.01 vs. M=0.18±0.01; p=0.003). No group differences were found for AP, FMD, LAVI, and E/e’. Conclusion Among relatively healthy young adults, people with insomnia had greater arterial stiffness and worse left ventricular systolic and diastolic functioning. Support American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation Focused Projects Award for Junior Investigators 179-FP-18

P1486Semi-automated volume-strain loops: a new tool in TTE to assess diastolic dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hubert ◽  
V Le Rolle ◽  
E Galli ◽  
A Hernandez ◽  
E Donal
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Atrial Volume ◽  
Volume Strain ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
Loop Area ◽  
Lv Volume

Abstract Aim This work aims to evaluate a novel semi-automatic tool for the assessment of volume-strain loops by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The proposed method was evaluated on a typical model of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction: the cardiac amyloidosis. Method 18 patients with proved cardiac amyloidosis were compared to 19 controls, from a local database. All TTE were performed using Vivid E9 or E95 ultrasound system. The complete method includes several steps: 1) extraction of LV strain full traces from apical 4 and 2 cavities views, 2) estimation of LV volume from these two traces by spline interpolations, 3) resampling of LV strain curves, determined for the same cardiac beat, (in apical 4-, 2- and 3- cavities views) as a function of pre-defined percentage increments of LV-volume and 4) calculation of the LV volume-strain loop area. (Figure 1, panel B) Results (Table 1): LVEF was similar between both groups whereas global longitudinal strain was significantly lower in amyloidosis group (−14.4 vs −20.5%; p<0.001). Amyloidosis group had a worse diastolic function with a greater left atrial volume index (51 vs 22ml/m2), a faster tricuspid regurgitation (2.7 vs 2.0 m/s), a greater E/e' ratio (17.3 vs 5.9) with a p<0.001 for all these indices. Simultaneously, the global area of volume-strain loop was significantly lower in amyloidosis group (36.5 vs 120.0%.mL). This area was better correlated with mean e' with r=0.734 (p<0.001) than all other indices (Figure 1, panel A). Table 1 Amyloidosis (N=18) Controls (N=19) p Global strain-volume loop area (%.mL) 36.5±21.3 120.0±54.2 <0.001 Global longitudinal strain (%) −14.4±3.8 −20.5±1.8 <0.001 Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) 62±7 65±5 0.08 Left atrial volume index (ml/m2) 51±22 22±5 <0.001 E/A 1.72±0.97 2.07±0.45 0.17 Mean e' 5.5±1.3 14.4±2.8 <0.001 Mean E/e' 17.3±5.4 5.9±1.4 <0.001 Tricuspid regurgitation velocity (m/s) 2.7±3.8 2.0±0.3 <0.001 Figure 1 Conclusion LV volume-strain loop area appears a very promising new tool to assess semi-automatically diastolic function. Future applications will concern the integration of LV volume-strain loop area as novel feature in machine-learning approach.

Left atrial volume index and left ventricular global longitudinal strain predict new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with transient ischemic attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1277-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bruun Pedersen ◽  
Charlotte Madsen ◽  
Niels Christian Foldager Sandgaard ◽  
Thomas Morris Hey ◽  
Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New Onset

Abstract 13798: Influence of Advanced Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling on Accuracy of Echocardiographic Parameters of Left Ventricular Filling Pressure

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Chiba ◽  
Hiroyuki Iwano ◽  
Sanae Kaga ◽  
mio shinkawa ◽  
Michito Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters

Introduction: Evaluation of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (FP) plays an important role in the clinical management of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the accuracy of echocardiographic parameters for the estimation of LV FP in the presence of pulmonary vascular lesions has not been fully addressed. Methods: We investigated 87 patients diagnosed with PH due to pulmonary vascular lesions (non-cardiac PH; PH NC ) (PH NC group) and 117 patients with ischemic heart disease without reduced LV ejection fraction (<40%) (control group). Mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were obtained by right heart catheterization. As echocardiographic parameters of LV FP, the ratio of early- (E) to late-diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E/A), ratio of E to early-diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e'), and left atrial volume index (LAVI) were measured. The PH NC group was subdivided into non-severe and severe groups according to median PVR (5.3 Wood units). Results: PAWP was 12±5 mmHg in controls, 9±4 mmHg in non-severe PH NC , and 8±3 mmHg in severe PH NC . In the control and non-severe PH NC groups, positive correlations were observed between PAWP and E/A (R=0.66 and R=0.41, respectively), E/e' (R=0.36 and R=0.33), and LAVI (R=0.38 and R=0.62). In contrast, in the severe PH NC group, PAWP was only correlated with LAVI (R=0.41, p=0.006). In the control group, PAWP determined E (β=0.45, p<0.001) but PVR did not, whereas both PAWP and PVR were independent determinants of E (β=0.32, p=0.001; and β=-0.35, p<0.001, respectively) in the PH NC group. Conclusions: In the presence of advanced pulmonary vascular lesions, conventional Doppler echocardiographic parameters may not accurately reflect LV FP. Importantly, elevated PVR would lower the E value, even when PAWP is elevated, resulting in blunting of these parameters for the detection of elevated LV FP. LAVI might be a reliable parameter for estimating LV FP in patients with severe non-cardiac PH.

Abstract 4205: Left Atrial Volume Index and Left Ventricular Geometry Independently Predict Mortality in 47,865 Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendrakumar A Patel ◽  
Carl J Lavie ◽  
Richard V Milani ◽  
Hector O Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mortality Prediction ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index

Background: LV geometry predicts CV events but it is unknown whether left atrial volume index (LAVi) predicts mortality independent of LV geometry in patients with preserved LVEF. Methods: We evaluated 47,865 patients with preserved EF to determine the impact of LAVi and LV geometry on mortality during an average follow-up of 1.7±1.0 years. Results: Deceased patients (n=3,653) had significantly higher LAVi (35.3 ± 15.9 vs. 29.1 ± 11.9, p<0.0001) and abnormal LV geometry (60% vs. 41%, p<0.0001) than survivors (n=44,212). LAVi was an independent predictor of mortality in all four LV geometry groups [Hazard ratio: N= 1.007 (1.002–1.011), p=0.002; concentric remodeling= 1.008 (1.001–1.012), p<0.0001; eccentric hypertrophy= 1.012 (1.006 –1.018), p<0.0001; concentric hypertrophy=1.017 (1.012–1.022), p<0.0001; Figure ]. Comparison of models with and without LAVi for mortality prediction was significant suggesting increased mortality prediction by addition of LAVi to other independent predictors (Table ). Conclusion: LAVi is higher and LV geometric abnormalities are more prevalent in deceased patients with preserved systolic function and are independently associated with increased mortality. LAVi predicts mortality independent of LV geometry and has synergistic influence on all cause mortality prediction in large cohort of patients with preserved ejection fraction.

Abstract 5794: Geometric Changes of Mitral Annulus Assessed by Real-Time 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Matsumura ◽  
Manatomo Toyono ◽  
Neil L Greenberg ◽  
Tetsuhiro Yamano ◽  
Kunitsugu Takasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
Geometric Changes

Background: The mitral annular (MA) geometric changes have been reported in patients with various cardiac diseases such as atrial fibrillation (Af), mitral regurgitation (MR) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The advances of real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) enable us to analyze the MA geometry more accurately and reliably than 3D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We sought to determine the independent predictors for MA geometric changes in patients with Af, significant MR, and DCM by 3D TEE. Methods: We examined 32 subjects by 3D TEE and 2D TTE; 6 with lone Af, 9 with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 3 with organic MR, 6 with DCM, and 8 normal subjects. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indices (EDVI and ESVI), ejection fraction (EF), left atrial volume index (LAVI), and MR severity were assessed by 2D TTE. We measured MA area index, commissural length, and MA height (Figure 1 ). For the index of the saddle-shaped MA geometry, MA shape index was calculated as the (MA height)/(commissural length). Results: Patients with MVP and those with DCM had larger MA area index and lower MA shape index than normal subjects (all, P <0.05). MA area index was associated with LAVI, MR severity, and LV EDVI (all, P <0.05) (Figure 2 ). MA shape index was associated with LV EF, ESVI, and the presence of Af (all, P <0.05) (Figure 3 ). In multivariate analysis, LAVI, MR severity, and LV EDVI independently predicted for MA area index, and LV EF was independent predictor for MA shape index (all, P <0.05). Conclusion: MA dilatation was independently associated with larger LA and LV volumes and severer MR, not LV EF, while the saddle-shaped MA geometry was associated with LV EF. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

scholarly journals 101 Semi-automated volume-strain loops: a new tool in TTE to assess diastolic dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hubert ◽  
V Le Rolle ◽  
E Galli ◽  
A Hernandez ◽  
E Donal
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Volume Strain ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
Loop Area ◽  
Lv Volume ◽  
Automatic Tool

Abstract AIM This work aims to evaluate a novel semi-automatic tool for the assessment of volume-strain loops by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). METHOD 17 patients with proved cardiac amyloidosis and 18 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) were compared to 19 controls, from a local database. All TTE were performed using Vivid E95 ultrasound system (General Electrics Healthcare, Horten, Norway). The complete method includes several steps: 1) extraction of LV strain full traces from apical 4 and 2 cavities views, 2) estimation of LV volume from these two traces by spline interpolations, 3) resampling of LV strain curves, determined for the same cardiac beat, (in apical 4-, 2- and 3- cavities views) as a function of pre-defined percentage increments of LV-volume and 4) calculation of the LV volume-strain loop area. (Figure 1, panel A) RESULTS (Table 1): LVEF was similar between all groups whereas global longitudinal strain was significantly lower in amyloidosis group than controls (-14.4 vs -20.5%; p &lt; 0.001). HFpEF and amyloidosis groups had a worse diastolic function than controls with a greater left atrial volume index , a faster tricuspid regurgitation, a greater E/e’ ratio with a p &lt; 0.001 for all these indices. Simultaneously, the global area of volume-strain loop was significantly lower in HFpEF and amyloidosis group than controls (72 vs 36 vs 120.0 %.mL, respectively, p &lt; 0.0001) with an intermediate profile of HFpEF(Figure 1, panel B, HFpEF in green). This area was better correlated with mean e’ (r = 0.650, p &lt; 0.001) than all other indices. CONCLUSION LV volume-strain loop area appears a very promising new tool to assess semi-automatically diastolic function. Main echocardiographic results Controls n = 19 HFpEF n = 18 Amyloidosis n = 17 p-value LVEDV (mL) 105 ± 15 103 ± 30 95 ± 93 0.476 LVEF (%) 65 ± 5 62 ± 7 62 ± 7 0.196 GLS (%) -20.5 ± 1.8 -18.4 ± 4.3 -14.4 ± 3.8 &lt;0.0001 LAVi (ml.m-2) 22 ± 5 51 ± 14 51 ± 22 &lt;0.0001 E/A ratio 2.1 ± 0.4 1.2 ± 0.7 1.7 ± 1.0 0.005 Mitral E/Ea average 5.9 ± 1.4 13.7 ± 5.8 17.3 ± 5.4 &lt;0.0001 Vmax TR (m/s) 2.0 ± 0.3 3.1 ± 0.4 2.7 ± 0.5 &lt;0.0001 V-S loop area (ml.%) 120 ± 54 72 ± 45 37 ± 21 &lt;0.0001 Abstract 101 Figure 1

scholarly journals P1768 The value of global longitudinal strain in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated cirrhosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Dimitroglou ◽  
C Aggeli ◽  
A Alexopoulou ◽  
T Alexopoulos ◽  
A Nitsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Mitral Annular Velocity ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Abstract Introduction Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in patients with metabolic syndrome is a common cause of cirrhosis and has been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. In patients with liver cirrhosis systolic or diastolic dysfunction can be observed and is independent of the cirrhosis etiology. Only few studies using newer echocardiography indices such as Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) have been published in cirrhotic patients. Purpose To evaluate GLS in patients with NASH cirrhosis when compared to other etiologies. Methods A total of consecutive 36 cirrhotic patients aged 18-70 were included in our study. Standard speckle-tracking software was used for offline analysis of standard apical views and GLS was calculated. Stroke Volume Index (SVI) was calculated with the Simpson method and a standard 2D, Doppler and Tissue Doppler examination was performed in all patients. Results Median age of the study population was 58 (IQR 50-64) years, 78% were male and 17% had ascites. Cirrhosis was considered decompensated in 21 (58%) of patients. The 28%, 42% and 19% had NASH-associated, alcoholic and viral etiology of cirrhosis, respectively. Median ejection fraction (EF) was 60% (IQR: 57%; 65%) and GLS was -21.1% (-19.7%; -23.1%) in the total population. Absolute value of GLS was lower in patients with NASH cirrhosis compared to other etiologies (p = 0.009) (figure 1). EF, SVI, left atrial volume index (LAVI), E/e’ ratio and mitral annular velocity (e’) did not differ significantly between those with NASH associated cirrhosis and the rest. GLS values were significantly correlated with EF (r=-0.588, p = 0.002), SVI (r=-0.469, p = 0.016) and BNP levels (r=-0.571, p = 0.007), but not with age, left ventricular end diastolic volume, left atrial volume index, E/e’, mitral annular velocity and blood pressure. According to a multivariable linear regression model, NASH etiology [B = 2.1 (0.6; 3.7), p = 0.008)] and EF (per 10% increase) [B=-1.7 (-3.3; -0.2), p = 0.03)] were the only independent factors associated with GLS values in cirrhotic patients. Conclusions GLS values are within normal limits in cirrhotic patients but seem to be affected in patients with NASH associated cirrhosis. Further studies are needed to assess the prognostic implications of this finding. Abstract P1768 Figure 1

scholarly journals P290 Differences in cardiac dimensions in mitral valve prolapse with or without Barlow phenotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Kamoen ◽  
S Calle ◽  
T De Backer ◽  
F Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure

Abstract Background Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cause of chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). Barlow’s disease (BD) and fibro-elastic deficiency (FED) are two major entities of MVP affecting the connective tissue of the mitral valve, but both have a different underlying pathophysiology and phenotype. In some connective tissue diseases (CTD), it has been suggested that ventricular dysfunction occurs despite absence of MR, suggesting that CTD directly involve the myocardium. We therefore investigated whether patients with BD have different cardiac dimensions compared to FED, after correcting for MR severity grade. Methods 134 patients with MVP and chronic MR were prospectively included. MR was graded carefully by echocardiography using a multi-parametric approach. The morphology of the mitral valve prolapse was specified as definite Barlow (n = 45) or non-Barlow (n = 89; FED, flail leaflet or unspecified etiology) by two experienced echocardiographers. Results In our cohort, MR was significantly more severe in the non-Barlow group compared to typical BD group (regurgitant volume (RV) 51 vs 33 ml, p = 0.021; right ventricular systolic pressure, 40 vs 34 mmHg, p= 0.05, left atrial volume index, 51 vs 42 ml/m², p = 0.07, respectively). However, there was a trend towards higher left ventricular end-diastolic diameter index (LVEDDi, 27.7 vs 29 mm, p = 0.07) and a significantly higher end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi, 62 vs 71 ml/m², p= 0.02) in the Barlow group, despite similar ejection fractions and much less MR in the Barlow group. This resulted in a significantly higher RV/LVEDV ratio in the non-Barlow group compared to the Barlow group (42% vs 23%, p = 0.001). Similarly, the LA volume/LVEDV ratio was significantly lower in the Barlow cohort (63 vs 79%, p= 0.026). There were no significant differences in aortic dimensions between groups. Conclusions We describe for the first time that compared to non-Barlow (mostly FED), patients with MVP due to typical Barlow disease have larger ventricular dimensions and volumes, which are disproportionate to the degree of MR. We therefore hypothesize that the connective tissue alterations in these patients may also involve the myocardium resulting in LV dilation independent of MR. Further investigation and clinical implications of these findings is mandatory.

P3574Association of the plasma aldosterone, arterial stiffness and left atrium volume index in hypertensive patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Shavarova ◽  
O A Kravtsova ◽  
I A Chomova ◽  
Z D Kobalava
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration

Abstract Relative aldosterone excess is related with arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction and profibrotic effects on the heart. We aimed to evaluate the association of plasma aldosterone and pulse wave velocity (PWV) with left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with uncomplicated arterial hypertension (AH). Methods The study included 74 patients (41% male), mean age 62.0±8.2 years. Among these patients 22 (30%) had diabetes mellitus, 60 (81%) had dyslipidemia, 8 (11%) were smokers. All patients undergone clinical and laboratory evaluation, echocardiography and applanation tonometry. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was measured by using overnight fasting blood sampling between 7 am and 9 am. Results Mean PWV was 11.3±2.4 m/s, heart rate (H) was 72±10 bpm, aortic systolic BP was 160±21 mm Hg, aortic diastolic BP was 89±10 mm Hg, aortic pulse pressure was 60±19 mm Hg, augmentation index normalized for HR of 75 beats/min (AIx75) was 15±10%, LVMI was 124±33 g/m2, LAVI was 36±6 ml/m2, E/e' was 10.8±4.6. In simple analysis PAC significantly (p<0.05) correlated with brachial (r=0.29) and aortic diastolic BP (r=0.27), LAVI (r=0.32), E/e' (r=−0.41). After adjustment in multivariate regression model gender, waist circumference, creatinine, AIx, LV global longitudinal strain relationship between E/e' and PAC was lost. E/e' was significantly associated only with female gender (β=0.64, p=0.0008). Also multivariate regression analysis showed significant association of LAVI with brachial systolic BP (β=0.41, p<0.0001), PWV (β=0.94, p<0.0001), and PAC (β=0.75, p<0.0001). Conclusion Brachial systolic BP, PWV and PAC were independently associated with LAVI in patients with uncomplicated AH and herewith LAVI was more dominantly influenced by increased arterial stiffness and plasma aldosterone.

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