scholarly journals Melanin production in coelomycetous agents of black grain eumycetoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Lim ◽  
Florianne Parel ◽  
Sybren de Hoog ◽  
Annelies Verbon ◽  
Wendy W J van de Sande
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
New Therapeutic Targets

Abstract Background Eumycetoma is a fungal infection characterised by the formation of black grains by causative agents. The melanin biosynthetic pathways used by the most common causative agents of black-grain mycetoma are unknown and unravelling them could identify potential new therapeutic targets. Method Melanin biosynthetic pathways in the causative fungi were identified by the use of specific melanin inhibitors. Results In Trematosphaeria grisea and Falciformispora tompkinsii, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin synthesis was inhibited, while DHN-, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)- and pyo-melanin were inhibited in Medicopsis romeroi and Falciformispora senegalensis. Conclusion Our data suggest that Me. romeroi and F. senegalensis synthesise DHN-, DOPA- and pyo-melanin, while T. grisea and F. tompkinsii only synthesise DHN-melanin.

Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Comorbidities Associated with Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Kinjal Gangar ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Failure ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Novel Targets ◽  
New Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Dual Mechanism ◽  
Seizure Suppression

One of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs among 1% of the population worldwide, is epilepsy. Therapeutic failure is common with epilepsy and nearly about 30% of patients fall in this category. Seizure suppression should not be the only goal while treating epilepsy but associated comorbidities, which can further worsen the condition, should also be considered. Treatment of such comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, cognition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and, various other disorders which co-exist with epilepsy or are caused due to epilepsy should also be treated. Novel targets or the existing targets are needed to be explored for the dual mechanism which can suppress both the disease and the comorbidity. New therapeutic targets such as IDO, nNOS, PAR1, NF-κb are being explored for their role in epilepsy and various comorbidities. This review explores recent therapeutic targets for the treatment of comorbidities associated with epilepsy.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Cycloheterophyllin on Melanin Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2526
Author(s):  
Joong-Hyun Shim
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Cell Line Cell ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

This study was performed to clarify the inhibitory effects of cycloheterophyllin on melanin synthesis. In order to elucidate the inhibitory effects of cycloheterophyllin on the B16F10 cell line, cell viability, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions, tyrosinase activity assay, and melanin production assay were measured. The effects of cycloheterophyllin on tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)/TYRP2/tyrosinase (TYR)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expressions and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that cycloheterophyllin decreased the mRNA expression level of TYRP1/TYRP2/TYR/MITF genes and melanin production contents than α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. The tyrosinase activity assay revealed that cycloheterophyllin decreased the melanin production in the B16F10 cells. These data show that cycloheterophyllin increases the whitening effects in the B16F10 cells; thus, cycloheterophyllin is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Thus, further research on the mechanism of action of cycloheterophyllin for the development of functional materials should be investigated.

scholarly journals P2.03b-034 Clinical Relevant Oncogenic Drivers in Advanced Adenocarcinoma Discloses New Therapeutic Targets in Negative EGFR/ALK/KRAS Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. S955
Author(s):  
Juliana Machado ◽  
Daniel Ascheri ◽  
Patrícia Leao ◽  
Priscila Milsoni ◽  
Rogerio Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
New Therapeutic Targets
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