Ethics and the Profession of Arms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Common Misconception

How can we talk about ethics in war, when people are killing each other and deliberately inflicting destruction and misery on one another? This question expresses a common misconception that has a grain of truth. Of course killing people and destroying property are morally wrong in virtually all...

Fiduciary Principles in Corporate Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Julian Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Voting Rights ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Fiduciary Duty ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Profit Motive ◽  
Fiduciary Duties ◽  
Common Misconception ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Default Rules ◽  
Moral Requirements

This chapter examines fiduciary duty in corporate law. Fiduciary duty is pervasive as well as all encompassing in corporate law. One common misconception about fiduciary duty in corporate law is that it is merely aspirational. Fiduciary duties are not simply moral requirements, they are legal ones. They are not merely suggestions, they represent the demands of the law. Although corporate law has often compromised rather than insisting upon strict enforcement of fiduciary law principles, these compromises are due to practical considerations that are entirely consistent with the goals of fiduciary law. In corporate law, general fiduciary law principles are balanced with practical considerations concerning the profit motive in order to achieve the best overall result for the shareholders. Understanding this tension between ambition and practicality is key to understanding fiduciary duty in corporate law. This chapter first considers the triggers for fiduciary duty in corporate law before discussing the role that the duty of loyalty plays in corporate law. It then explores the duty of care in corporate law, along with other fiduciary duties such as good faith, takeover situations and contests for control, shareholder voting rights, and the duty to monitor and the duty to disclose. The chapter proceeds by analyzing mandatory and default rules regarding the extent to which fiduciary duties can be waived in corporate law and concludes with an overview of remedies for breach of fiduciary duty.

scholarly journals The 1969 African Refugee Convention: Innovations, Misconceptions, and Omissions

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Rights ◽  
Refugee Convention ◽  
Common Misconception ◽  
The Common ◽  
African Refugee ◽  
Critical Overview

This paper provides a critical overview of the 1969 African refugee convention, beginning with a survey of its legal innovations. It then addresses the most misunderstood of them—the unique refugee definition—in depth, with an emphasis on dispelling the common misconception that it is particularly expansive. Finally, it investigates the 1969 Convention’s silence regarding refugees’ civil and political, and socio-economic rights, and how it works as the “regional complement” to the 1951 global refugee convention in that regard.

Catholicism and the Construction of Communal Identity in Northern Ireland

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Communal Identity ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Common Misconception ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Influence

It is a common misconception that religion in Northern Ireland is merely a marker of ethnicity. Particularly for Catholics, religion is thought to represent, but not play a part in constructing, social differences. This paper urges re-examination of how the relationships between religion and politics are conceived, and argues that analysis must extend beyond linkages between theological beliefs and political preferences. Other dimensions of religion, such as its role in the construction of community and identity as well as its institutional influence, are much more useful in understanding the social significance of Catholicism. The paper concludes that when these dimensions of religion are examined, we find that Catholicism is much more than an ethno-national marker, and has in fact been enormously important in the politics of conflict, and in the continuing construction of communal identity, in Northern Ireland.

Long-Term Rates of Interest in the Valuation of a Pension Fund

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 286-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Daykin
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Common Misconception ◽  
The Future

1. It seems to be a common misconception outside the actuarial profession that those within that illustrious body are mysteriously able to peer into their crystal balls and come up with prophetic answers about the future progress of pension funds, insurance companies and other allied matters. The appearance of an actuarial report with its air of finality and disclosure of a definite surplus, deficiency, bonus declaration or whatever it may be, only endorses the impression that the actuary is reporting on the unique and unquestionable answer to the problem in hand.

scholarly journals A Common Misconception in the Management of Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mahdi Marashi ◽  
Mohammad Majidi ◽  
Hojatollah Raji Asadabadi ◽  
Zeynab Nasri-Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Phosphide ◽  
Common Misconception

The nature and origin of cratons constrained by their surface geology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Celal Şengör ◽  
Nalan Lom ◽  
Ali Polat
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Crustal Thickening ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Upper Crust ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Common Misconception ◽  
Resistance To Deformation ◽  
Surface Geology

To the memory of Nicholas John (Nick) Archibald (1951−2014), master of cratonic geology. Cratons, defined by their resistance to deformation, are guardians of crustal and lithospheric material over billion-year time scales. Archean and Proterozoic rocks can be found in many places on earth, but not all of them represent cratonic areas. Some of these old terrains, inappropriately termed “cratons” by some, have been parts of mobile belts and have experienced widespread deformations in response to mantle-plume-generated thermal weakening, uplift and consequent extension and/or various plate boundary deformations well into the Phanerozoic. It is a common misconception that cratons consist only of metamorphosed crystalline rocks at their surface, as shown by the indiscriminate designation of them by many as “shields.” Our compilation shows that this conviction is not completely true. Some recent models argue that craton formation results from crustal thickening caused by shortening and subsequent removal of the upper crust by erosion. This process would expose a high-grade metamorphic crust at the surface, but greenschist-grade metamorphic rocks and even unmetamorphosed supracrustal sedimentary rocks are widespread on some cratonic surfaces today, showing that craton formation does not require total removal of the upper crust. Instead, the granulitization of the roots of arcs may have been responsible for weighing down the collided and thickened pieces and keeping their top surfaces usually near sea level. In this study, we review the nature and origin of cratons on four well-studied examples. The Superior Province (the Canadian Shield), the Barberton Mountain (Kaapvaal province, South Africa), and the Yilgarn province (Western Australia) show the diversity of rocks with different origin and metamorphic degree at their surface. These fairly extensive examples are chosen because they are typical. It would have been impractical to review the entire extant cratonic surfaces on earth today. We chose the inappropriately named North China “Craton” to discuss the requirements to be classified as a craton.

Encouraging Engagement in Game-Based Learning

2013 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Nicola Whitton
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
Learning Games ◽  
Alternate Reality Games ◽  
Common Misconception ◽  
Alternate Reality ◽  
Value Of Learning ◽  
Low Motivation

It is a common misconception that game-based learning is, by its very nature, engaging for the majority of learners. This is not necessarily the case, particularly for learners in Higher Education who may need to be persuaded of the value of learning games. For some learners, games may simply not be perceived as engaging–either in terms of an initial motivation to play or sustained participation. This paper describes the Alternate Reality Games for Orientation, Socialisation and Induction (ARGOSI) project, which experienced unexpectedly low motivation and participation. Despite extensive marketing, only a small fraction of potential students participated in the game and of those a far smaller number were highly engaged. Evidence from the project is presented and the reasons for the lack of engagement in the game created are considered. Finally the paper reflects on ways in which engagement with game-based learning might be encouraged.

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