Largest-Crown-Width Prediction Models for 53 Species in the Western United States

Abstract The mean crown diameters of stand-grown trees 5.0-in. dbh and larger were modeled as a function of stem diameter, live-crown ratio, stand-level basal area, latitude, longitude, elevation, and Hopkins bioclimatic index for 53 tree species in the western United States. Stem diameter was statistically significant in all models, and a quadratic term for stem diameter was required for some species. Crown ratio and/or Hopkins index also improved the models for most species. A term for stand-level basal area was not generally needed but did yield some minor improvement for a few species. Coefficients of variation from the regression solutions ranged from 17 to 33%, and model R2 ranged from 0.15 to 0.85. Simpler models, based solely on stem diameter, are also presented. West. J. Appl. For. 19(4):245–251.

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Crown-Diameter Prediction Models for 87 Species of Stand-Grown Trees in the Eastern United States

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/27.4.269 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

William A. Bechtold

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Basal Area ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Quadratic Term ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Crown Diameter ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Bioclimatic Index ◽

The Mean

Abstract The mean crown diameters of stand-grown trees were modeled as a function of stem diameter, live-crown ratio, stand basal area, latitude, longitude, elevation, and Hopkins bioclimatic index for 87 tree species in the eastern United States. Stem diameter was statistically significant in all models, and a quadratic term for stem diameter was required for some species. Crown ratio and/or Hopkins index also improved the models for many species. Coefficients of variation from the regression solutions ranged from 18 to 35%, and model r-square values ranged from 0.15 to 0.88. Simpler models, based only on stem diameter and crown ratio, are also presented. South. J. Appl. For. 27(4):269–278.

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Writing Time in Metaphors

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423939.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer J. Smith

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Western United States ◽

Entire System ◽

Language And Culture ◽

Space Race ◽

Do So

Coherence of place often exists alongside irregularities in time in cycles, and chapter three turns to cycles linked by temporal markers. Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles (1950) follows a linear chronology and describes the exploration, conquest, and repopulation of Mars by humans. Conversely, Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine (1984) jumps back and forth across time to narrate the lives of interconnected families in the western United States. Bradbury’s cycle invokes a confluence of historical forces—time as value-laden, work as a calling, and travel as necessitating standardized time—and contextualizes them in relation to anxieties about the space race. Erdrich’s cycle invokes broader, oppositional conceptions of time—as recursive and arbitrary and as causal and meaningful—to depict time as implicated in an entire system of measurement that made possible the destruction and exploitation of the Chippewa people. Both volumes understand the United States to be preoccupied with imperialist impulses. Even as they critique such projects, they also point to the tenacity with which individuals encounter these systems, and they do so by creating “interstitial temporalities,” which allow them to navigate time at the crossroads of language and culture.

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