Chemical Root Pruning Improves the Root System Morphology of Containerized Seedlings

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Wenny ◽  
Richard L. Woollen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Interior Walls

Abstract Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa), and western white pine (Pinus monticola) where chemically root pruned with cupric carbonate (CuCO3) during greenhouse production. The interior walls of Styroblock 4A® and Ray Leach® pine cell containers (each 66 cm³) were coated with latex paint containing CuCO3 at concentrations of 0, 30, 100, or 300 g/l. Seedlings were potted after one growing season, initiating a standard root growth potential test (Duryea 1984). The number and length of new roots more than 1 cm in length were measured. Seedling root systems increased in total root number and length, especially in the upper segments of the root plug, as a result of chemical root pruning. Seedling height and caliper were unaffected by the cupric carbonate treatments during the production phase, and a latex paint carrier did not decrease seedling growth. West. J. Appl. For. 4(1):15-17, January 1989.

Laboratory and Field Methods for Assaying Olfactory Responses of the Douglas-fir Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 935-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. Jantz ◽  
J. A. Rudinsky
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Olfactory Responses

AbstractLaboratory tests revealed that female Douglas-fir beetles, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, boring in logs of both host and non-host species produce a volatile substance that both attracts and arrests adult beetles. Male arrestment provided a reliable method for laboratory bioassay of volatile substances. Field tests were devised to show the attack, the attraction produced, and the broad development in six tree species: Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco; western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt.; ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws.; western hemlock, Tsuga heteropbylla (Raf.) Sarg.; western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl.; and grand fir, Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.

scholarly journals Marking Tree Seeds with Spray Paint for Germination Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasten Dumroese
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Conifer Seeds ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract I evaluated the potential use of spray paint for marking conifer seeds for germination studies in forest nurseries. For bulk seedlots of large-seeded species like western white pine (Pinus monticola), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), paint had little or no effect on six different germination parameters, but negatively affected germination of western larch (Larix occidentalis). On a family level with pine seeds, spray paint may or may not be appropriate depending on the specific objectives of the researcher and the level of conservatism used. West. J. Appl. For. 18(3):175–178.

scholarly journals Foliar Fertilization During Bud Initiation Improves Container-Grown Ponderosa Pine Seedling Viability

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Montville ◽  
David L. Wenny ◽  
R. Kasten Dumroese
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bud Initiation

Abstract Our objective was to determine if avoiding nutrient stress during bud initiation of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa vat. ponderosa) grown in a container nursery would enhance seedling viability. Nitrogen stress was avoided by applying foliar fertilizer at rates between 324 and 972 ppm N to greenhouse-grown seedlings. Foliar fertilization maintained higher seedling nitrogen levels and increased root collar diameter by 45%. Height was slightly increased, cold-hardiness slightly reduced, and root growth potential unaffected by foliar fertilizer applications. Nursery managers can improve seedling viability by adding foliar fertilizer applications to their growing regimes. West. J. Appl. For. 11(4):114-119.

Foliage height influences specific leaf area of three conifer species

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Marshall ◽  
Robert A Monserud
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Northern Idaho

Specific leaf area (SLA), the ratio of projected leaf area to leaf dry mass, is a critical parameter in many forest process models. SLA describes the efficiency with which the leaf captures light relative to the biomass invested in the leaf. It increases from top to bottom of a canopy, but it is unclear why. We sampled stands with low and elevated canopies (young and old stands) to determine whether SLA is related to water potential, as inferred from branch height and length, or shade, as inferred from branch position relative to the rest of the canopy, or both. We studied western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.), and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca) in northern Idaho. SLA decreased with branch height (P < 0.0001) at rates that varied among species (P < 0.0001). Branch length had no influence on SLA (P = 0.85). We detected no differences with canopy elevation (P = 0.90), but the slopes of lines relating SLA to branch height may have differed between the canopy elevation classes (P = 0.039). The results are consistent with predictions based on the hypothesis that SLA decreases as the gravitational component of water potential falls. The lack of a strong shading effect simplifies the estimation of canopy SLA for process models, requiring only species and branch heights.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Cylindrocarpon on Container Western White Pine Seedlings After Outplanting

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
R. Kasten Dumroese ◽  
Robert L. James ◽  
David L. Wenny
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Similar Site

Abstract Cylindrocarpon root disease can destroy root systems of container seedlings. Foresters were concerned that infected nursery stock would perform poorly after outplanting. Root growth potential tests were a poor predictor of disease levels on seedlings that otherwise met standard morphological criteria (height, stem diameter, and firm root plugs) for outplanting. Cylindrocarpon on western white pine persists longer on outplanted stock than Fusarium oxysporum or F. proliferatum on Douglas-fir seedlings on a similar site. Mortality caused by herbivores was as serious a threat to plantation establishment as was mortality caused by all other factors. Our results suggest that western white pine seedlings infected with Cylindrocarpon, but meeting morphological criteria for outplanting, will perform satisfactorily in the field. West. J. Appl. For. 15(1):5-7.

Root growth potential and bud dormancy of 2 + 0 eastern white pine grown in a Virginia nursery

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598-1602
Author(s):  
Kurt H. Johnsen ◽  
Peter P. Feret ◽  
John R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
The Relationship

Root growth potential and dormancy release index were examined over 2 years using 2 + 0 eastern white pine seedlings grown in a Virginia nursery. Root growth potential patterns were quite different between years. The relationship between dormancy release index and chilling sums (0–7 °C) was consistent between years. Approximately 2800 chilling hours were necessary to break terminal bud dormancy fully. There was a highly significant, positive linear relationship between root growth potential and dormancy release index above a dormancy release index of 0.20 when 2 years data were combined. For dormancy release index values <0.20, the relationship between root growth potential and dormancy release index was inconsistent between years.

scholarly journals Residual Stand Damage from Cut-to-Length Thinning of a Mixed Conifer Stand in Northern Idaho

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Froese ◽  
Han-Sup Han
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Northern Idaho ◽  
Residual Stand Damage

Abstract We collected residual stand-damage data from a mixed conifer stand in northern Idaho that had been commercially thinned with a cut-to-length harvesting system. The stand composition after harvesting was 76% grand fir (Abies grandis); 14% Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca); 5% western redcedar (Thuja plicata); and 5% lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), western white pine (Pinus monticola), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). For all crop trees, damage to the bole, roots, and crown was assessed using systematic sampling with a random start and fixed area plots. Wounding occurred on 37.4% of the remaining trees, but the severity of wounding varied significantly by species (P < 0.05). Eighty-four percent of wounding for all species combined was considered as small size (<194 cm2). The greatest average amount of damage to a bole occurred along the first 2 m up from the ground (67.2%) and also within 4 m of the forwarder centerline (67.7%). Gouges were present on 41% of all scars. Tree location to forwarder trail appears to have a significant effect on the number and height of scars on a tree (P < 0.05). We estimated that throughout a 20-year period, volume losses for grand fir because of decay would be 2.57% compared to 1.31% in an undamaged stand of similar composition. West. J. Appl. For. 21(3): 142–148.

Long-Term Response of Planted Ponderosa Pine to Thinning in Oregon's Blue Mountains

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Cochran ◽  
James W. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Stand Density Index ◽  
John Day

Abstract A spacing study in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) was established in 1959 by thinning plots in a 33-yr-old plantation near John Day, Oregon. The influence of 4 spacings (17.2, 12.5, 10.1, and 8.7 ft) on stand and tree growth for a 31-yr period was examined. Study plots were remeasured five times after establishment. Periodic annual increments (PAI) of gross basal area, gross volume, and average height differed with period but not with spacing (P ≤ 0.10). The PAIs of mean diameter differed with period and decreased with increasing density. Annual height growth and annual gross and net growth of basal area and volume did not differ with spacing. Annual diameter growth was much greater for trees at the widest spacing. Annual volume growth of the largest 90 trees/ac was greatest at the widest spacing. Thirty-one years after thinning, the largest 90 trees/ac on the widest spacing had 73% of the volume of all the trees on the narrowest spacing. Mortality due to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) increased markedly when values for stand density index exceeded 200. Wide spacings increased average tree volumes, increased mean diameters, and reduced the probability of mortality without sacrificing gross cubic volume growth potential. West. J. Appl. For. 8(4):126-132.

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