Molecular phylogeny of freshwater snails and limpets (Panpulmonata: Hygrophila)

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed J Saadi ◽  
Angus Davison ◽  
Christopher M Wade
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Rna Genes

Abstract We have undertaken a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Hygrophila based on 3112 sites of the large subunit and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes. A clear basal division between Chilinoidea and Lymnaeoidea is observed. The monophyly of Acroloxidae, Lymnaeidae and Physidae is also well established. However, Planorbidae are not supported as a monophyletic group, because the Bulinidae cluster within Planorbidae. The Amphipepleinae within Lymnaeidae and both Planorbinae and Ancylinae within Planorbidae are strongly supported as monophyletic subfamilies. However, the Aplexinae within Physidae and the Lymnaeinae within Lymnaeidae are not recovered. A new taxonomic revision of the Hygrophila is proposed based on the findings of this molecular phylogeny, and the implications for the evolution of chirality are discussed.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the eastern Palearctic species of the genera Schizomyia Kieffer and Asteralobia Kovalev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini), with descriptions of five new species of Schizomyia from Japan

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 123-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Khamis Elsayed ◽  
Junichi Yukawa ◽  
Makoto Tokuda
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Palearctic Species

The genus Asteralobia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini, Schizomyiina) was erected by Kovalev (1964) based on the presence of constrictions on the cylindrical male flagellomeres. In the present study, we examine the morphological features of Asteralobia and Schizomyia and found that the male flagellomeres are constricted also in Schizomyiagaliorum, the type species of Schizomyia. Because no further characters clearly separating Asteralobia from Schizomyia were observed, we synonymize Asteralobia under Schizomyia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis strongly supports our taxonomic treatment. We describe five new species of Schizomyia from Japan, S.achyranthesae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.diplocyclosae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.castanopsisae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.usubai Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., and S.paederiae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., and redescribe three species, S.galiorum Kieffer, S.patriniae Shinji, and S.asteris Kovalev. A taxonomic key to the Japanese Schizomyia species is provided.

Description of Ektaphelenchoides spondylis n. sp. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae) isolated from Spondylis buprestoides (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Japan

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Robin Giblin-Davis ◽  
Barbara Center
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Tail Shape ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractEktaphelenchoides spondylis n. sp. is described and figured from Spondylis buprestoides. The new species is characterised by the bipartite stylet conus, male spicule with rounded condylus, blunt rostrum and plate-like cucullus, long postuterine sac and long and smoothly tapering female tail. The new species is almost morphologically identical to E. compsi, but can be distinguished from it by stylet morphology, female tail shape, male ratio (a) and molecular sequence of the D2/D3 expansion segment of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA. In the molecular phylogenetic analysis, E. spondylis n. sp. formed a well supported clade with E. compsi within Ektaphelenchoides. Based upon molecular phylogenetic analysis with one locus, Ektaphelenchoides spp. formed a well supported clade and Ektaphelenchus and Cryptaphelenchus also formed a well supported clade. However, the molecular and morphological information available from our study are insufficient to revise the generic taxonomy of the subfamily. More sampling and an integrated taxonomic revision of the subfamily Ektaphelenchinae are needed.

Molecular insights into the phylogenetic placement of the poorly known genus Niceforonia Goin & Cochran, 1963 (Anura: Brachycephaloidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (4) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS R. ACOSTA-GALVIS ◽  
JEFFREY W. STREICHER ◽  
LUIGI MANUELLI ◽  
TRAVIS CUDDY ◽  
RAFAEL O. DE SÁ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time

Among New World direct-developing frogs belonging to the clade Brachycephaloidea (= Terraranae), there are several genera with uncertain phylogenetic placements. One notable example is the genus Niceforonia Goin & Cochran 1963, which includes three species that are endemic to Colombia. Three specimens of the species Niceforonia nana were collected and for the first time the genus is included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (mtDNA; 12S and 16S) and nuclear (nucDNA; TYR and RAG1) markers. Molecular phylogenetic inference based on concatenated and separate mtDNA and nucDNA analyses recovered Niceforonia nana nested within Hypodactylus Hedges et al. 2008, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. Consequently, herein we place the genus Hypodactylus in the synonymy of Niceforonia to resolve the paraphyly and place Niceforonia in the subfamily Hypodactylinae. Based on our revised concept of the genus Niceforonia we conducted preliminary morphological comparisons using specimens and literature descriptions. Finally, Nicefornia nana is quite divergent from other species of Niceforonia (uncorrected genetic distances of ca. 10% 16S and 7% TYR) suggesting that further taxonomic revision may be warranted. 

Molecular phylogeny of Pemphiginae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1α sequences

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Zhang ◽  
G.X. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThree traditional tribes of Fordini, Pemphigini and Eriosomatini comprise Pemphiginae, and there are two subtribes in Fordini and Pemphigini, respectively. Most of the species in this subfamily live heteroecious holocyclic lives with distinct primary host specificity. The three tribes of Pemphigini (except Prociphilina), Eriosomatini and Fordini use three families of plants, Salicaceae (Populus), Ulmaceae (Ulums) and Anacardiaceae (Pistacia and Rhus), as primary hosts, respectively, and form galls on them. Therefore, the Pemphigids are well known as gall makers, and their galls can be divided into true galls and pseudo-galls in type. We performed the first molecular phylogenetic study of Pemphiginae based on molecular data (EF-1α sequences). Results show that Pemphiginae is probably not a monophylum, but the monophyly of Fordini is supported robustly. The monophyly of Pemphigini is not supported, and two subtribes in it, Pemphigina and Prociphilina, are suggested to be raised to tribal level, equal with Fordini and Eriosomatini. The molecular phylogenetic analysis does not show definite relationships among the four tribes of Pemphiginae, as in the previous phylogenetic study based on morphology. It seems that the four tribes radiated at nearly the same time and then evolved independently. Based on this, we can speculate that galls originated independently four times in the four tribes, and there is no evidence to support that true galls are preceded by pseudo-galls, as in the case of thrips and willow sawflies.

Devibursaphelenchus alienae n. sp. isolated from the bark of dead Quercus aliena in Japan

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Keiko Hamaguchi ◽  
Yuko Takeuchi-Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Oak Wilt ◽  
Japanese Oak Wilt ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Tail Shape ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Rna Genes

Summary A new Devibursaphelenchus species isolated from the bark of a dead Quercus aliena, which had been infected and killed by Japanese oak wilt, was collected in Shiga, Japan. The new species is characterised by the relatively large body in males (661-768 μm) and females (893-1071 μm), conspicuous male bursal flap, male spicule with long condylus and wide blade, female post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) 39-54 μm or 1.6-2.3 times the vulval body diam. long, vestigial female anus, and female tail forming a strongly ventrally recurved elongate conoid with bluntly pointed or narrowly rounded terminus. The new species is typologically similar to D. lini, sharing a large body, conspicuous bursal flap, long PUS, and spicule shape, but can be distinguished from it by the absence of variation in the female tail shape, i.e., the tail of the new species is always long and strongly ventrally curved, while the tail shape varies more in D. lini. A previous molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that the new species is fairly close to D. lini, but can be distinguished from it by the 1.0% (16 bp) difference within 1.6 kb of the 18S and 3.7% (26 bps) difference within 0.7 kb of the D2-D3 LSU ribosomal RNA genes. The newly found nematode is described and illustrated herein as D. alienae n. sp.

Molecular phylogeny of Acrobeloides and Cephalobus (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) reveals paraphyletic taxa and recurrent evolution of simple labial morphology

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Nadler ◽  
Ashleigh Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
The Core ◽  
Morphological Taxonomy ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractMembers of the family Cephalobidae (Nematoda) are among the most common and morphologically striking soil nematodes. Many members of Cephalobidae have extensive lip elaborations called probolae, but two taxonomically problematic genera, Acrobeloides and Cephalobus, have simple, low probolae. We sequenced a portion of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA for 33 cultures of Acrobeloides and Cephalobus. A phylogenetic analysis of these data, plus sequences representing other members of Cephalobina, revealed a core clade of 22 closely related taxa, but did not represent Acrobeloides and Cephalobus as monophyletic. The dominant feature used in morphological taxonomy of Cephalobidae, the lip region, was homoplastic according to the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Contrary to previous suggestions, taxa with simple probolae have arisen multiple times from taxa with complex probolae. Cultures were also examined for mode of reproduction (presumed parthenogenetic vs sexual) and three morphological characters commonly used in generic diagnoses: the shape of the corpus in profile; the number of lateral incisures; and the terminal extent of the lateral field. Most cultures, including all 22 members of the core clade, lacked males and were presumed to be parthenogenetic, but several independent origins of sexually reproducing taxa were found. Of the morphological characters, only the corpus shape was consistent with the molecular phylogeny, however, the utility of this character is also questioned. Many genera with complex probolae were also paraphyletic, including Nothacrobeles, Zeldia and Cervidellus, indicating the need for more comprehensive phylogenies and a broad taxonomic revision of the family.

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae) with description of a new species R. anatolyi from Hakkâri province, eastern Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 331 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
DMITRY LYSKOV ◽  
EUGENE KLJUYKOV ◽  
EBRU DOĞAN GÜNER ◽  
TAHIR SAMIGULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

Six species of the genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae) were studied by molecular phylogenetic analysis. The taxonomic status of each of them has been confirmed, the genus Rhabdosciadium turns out as a well-supported monophyletic group closely related to the genera Aegopodium, Caropodium, Carum, Falcaria, Fuernrohria, Gongylosciadium, Grammosciadium s.s., Hladnikia, Olymposciadium, etc. Rhabdosciadium anatolyi sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new species from Hakkâri province, eastern Turkey. It differs from the other taxa of the genus, in addition to its unique geographical range, in the large terminal leaf lobes with regularly serrated margin, mainly ternate primary basal segments of leaves, and long internodes.

Sheraphelenchus sucus n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from sap flow of Quercus serrata in Japan

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 975-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Ryusei Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Quercus Serrata ◽  
Phylogenetic Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Molecular Barcode ◽  
Rna Genes

A Sheraphelenchus species was isolated from a sample of sap exuding from a scar on the bark of Quercus serrata. Besides its generic characteristics, i.e., posteriorly located vulva in the female, male spicule with conspicuous dorsal limb and male tail with spike-like projection, the new species is characterised by a short stylet with a small basal swelling. The near-full-length of 18S and D2/D3 expansion segments of ribosomal RNA genes (near-full SSU and D2/D3LSU) were determined as its molecular barcode sequences and the phylogenetic status of the species (= genus Sheraphelenchus) was estimated using the near-full SSU. The molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new species is included in the genus Bursaphelenchus, and is close to B. anatolius and B. kevini. Although Sheraphelenchus is phylogenetically inferred to occur within Bursaphelenchus, the new species is described herein as S. sucus n. sp., thereby retaining the genus Sheraphelenchus until additional data about morphological similarities between these two taxa are obtained.

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of the East and Southeast Asian Meghimatium slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Philomycidae) and description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2890 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHI-LI TSAI ◽  
CHUNG-CHENG LU ◽  
HSIAO-WEI KAO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Rna Genes ◽  
A New Species

Meghimatium is a group of terrestrial slugs distributed in Asia. 185 specimens were collected from Taiwan, China, Okinawa (Japan), Thailand and Malaysia. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated DNA sequences of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I, 16S ribosomal RNA and nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA genes revealed that clades in the resulting molecular phylogeny of Meghimatium are largely congruent with taxa identified on the basis of their genitalia. Four monophyletic groups, i.e., the M. fruhstorferi, M. burchi, M. uniforme and M. striatum complexes, with moderate to strong statistical supports (86/53/0.98/66, 100/100/1.00/100, 100/100/1.00/100, 100/100/1.00/100) were identified. M. pictum is paraphyletic and is clustered with M. bilineatum to constitute an additional monophyletic group (100/100/1.00/100). Body size does not show an evolutionary trend either from small to large or vice versa, based on the phylogenetic tree. A new species, M. baoshanense sp. nov., is named based on the included specimens constituting a monophyletic group, its medium size (40.1–52.7 mm in body length) and its genitalia with 10–18 papillae at the lower end of the spermathecal duct where it connects to the uterus and vagina.

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