Molecular Plant-Plum Pox Virus Interactions

Abstract Background While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, ‘TYLCV’), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host. Results Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants. Viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plants but their survival was unaffected by JA levels. While virus-free MED did not lower plant JA levels, viruliferous MED decreased both JA levels and the expression of JA-related genes. Infestation by viruliferous MED reduced plant JA levels. In preference tests, neither virus-free nor viruliferous MED discriminated among JA-varying plants previously exposed to virus-free MED. However, both virus-free and viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plant genotypes when choosing between plants that had both been previously exposed to viruliferous MED. The enhanced preference for low-JA genotypes appears linked to the volatile compound neophytadiene, which was found only in whitefly-infested plants and at concentrations inversely related to plant JA levels. Conclusions Our findings illustrate how plant defense can interact with prior herbivory to affect both a plant virus and its whitefly vector, and confirm the induction of neophytadiene by MED. The apparent attraction of MED to neophytadiene may prove useful in pest detection and management.

Download Full-text

Variation in both host defense and prior herbivory can alter plant-vector-virus interactions

10.21203/rs.2.10289/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobin Shi ◽

Evan L. Preisser ◽

Baiming Liu ◽

Huipeng Pan ◽

Min Xiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Defense ◽

Plant Virus ◽

Major Focus ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Pest Detection ◽

Virus Interactions ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Lower Plant ◽

Different Levels ◽

Whitefly Vector

Abstract Background While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, 'TYLCV'), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host.Results Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants. Viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plants but their survival was unaffected by JA levels. While virus-free MED did not lower plant JA levels, viruliferous MED decreased both JA levels and the expression of JA-related genes. Infestation by viruliferous MED reduced plant JA levels, and TYLCV loads were consistently higher in plants fed upon by viruliferous MED than in plants fed on by virus-free MED. In preference tests, neither virus-free nor viruliferous MED discriminated among JA-varying plants previously exposed to virus-free MED. However, both virus-free and viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plant genotypes when choosing between plants that had both been previously exposed to viruliferous MED. The enhanced preference for low-JA genotypes appears linked to the volatile compound neophytadiene, which was found only in whitefly-infested plants and at concentrations inversely related to plant JA levels.Conclusions Our findings illustrate how plant defense can interact with prior herbivory to affect both a plant virus and its whitefly vector, and confirm the induction of neophytadiene by MED. The apparent attraction of MED to neophytadiene may prove useful in pest detection and management.

Download Full-text

Variation in both host defense and prior herbivory can alter plant-vector-virus interactions

10.21203/rs.2.10289/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobin Shi ◽

Evan L. Preisser ◽

Baiming Liu ◽

Huipeng Pan ◽

Min Xiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Defense ◽

Plant Virus ◽

Major Focus ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Pest Detection ◽

Virus Interactions ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Lower Plant ◽

Different Levels ◽

Whitefly Vector

Abstract Background: While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus , 'TYLCV'), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host. Results: Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants. Viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plants but their survival was unaffected by JA levels. While virus-free MED did not lower plant JA levels, viruliferous MED decreased both JA levels and the expression of JA-related genes. Infestation by viruliferous MED reduced plant JA levels . In preference tests, neither virus-free nor viruliferous MED discriminated among JA-varying plants previously exposed to virus-free MED. However, both virus-free and viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plant genotypes when choosing between plants that had both been previously exposed to viruliferous MED. The enhanced preference for low-JA genotypes appears linked to the volatile compound neophytadiene, which was found only in whitefly-infested plants and at concentrations inversely related to plant JA levels. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate how plant defense can interact with prior herbivory to affect both a plant virus and its whitefly vector, and confirm the induction of neophytadiene by MED. The apparent attraction of MED to neophytadiene may prove useful in pest detection and management.

Download Full-text

Variation in both host defense and prior herbivory can alter plant-vector-virus interactions

10.21203/rs.2.10289/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobin Shi ◽

Evan L. Preisser ◽

Baiming Liu ◽

Huipeng Pan ◽

Min Xiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Defense ◽

Plant Virus ◽

Major Focus ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Pest Detection ◽

Virus Interactions ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Lower Plant ◽

Different Levels ◽

Whitefly Vector

Abstract Background: While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus , 'TYLCV'), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host. Results: Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants. Viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plants but their survival was unaffected by JA levels. While virus-free MED did not lower plant JA levels, viruliferous MED decreased both JA levels and the expression of JA-related genes. Infestation by viruliferous MED reduced plant JA levels . In preference tests, neither virus-free nor viruliferous MED discriminated among JA-varying plants previously exposed to virus-free MED. However, both virus-free and viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plant genotypes when choosing between plants that had both been previously exposed to viruliferous MED. The enhanced preference for low-JA genotypes appears linked to the volatile compound neophytadiene, which was found only in whitefly-infested plants and at concentrations inversely related to plant JA levels. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate how plant defense can interact with prior herbivory to affect both a plant virus and its whitefly vector, and confirm the induction of neophytadiene by MED. The apparent attraction of MED to neophytadiene may prove useful in pest detection and management.

Download Full-text

Recognition and Response in Plant-Virus Interactions

10.1007/978-3-642-74164-7 ◽

1990 ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Virus ◽

Recognition And Response ◽

Virus Interactions

Download Full-text

Genetic and molecular investigation of compatible plant-virus interactions

10.31274/rtd-180813-17055 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Tyrell Carr

Keyword(s):

Plant Virus ◽

Molecular Investigation ◽

Virus Interactions

Download Full-text

Organoids to Dissect Gastrointestinal Virus–Host Interactions: What Have We Learned?

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13060999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 999

Author(s):

Sue E. Crawford ◽

Sasirekha Ramani ◽

Sarah E. Blutt ◽

Mary K. Estes

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Human Infection ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Host Microbe Interactions ◽

Human Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Human Viruses ◽

Human Infections

Historically, knowledge of human host–enteric pathogen interactions has been elucidated from studies using cancer cells, animal models, clinical data, and occasionally, controlled human infection models. Although much has been learned from these studies, an understanding of the complex interactions between human viruses and the human intestinal epithelium was initially limited by the lack of nontransformed culture systems, which recapitulate the relevant heterogenous cell types that comprise the intestinal villus epithelium. New investigations using multicellular, physiologically active, organotypic cultures produced from intestinal stem cells isolated from biopsies or surgical specimens provide an exciting new avenue for understanding human specific pathogens and revealing previously unknown host–microbe interactions that affect replication and outcomes of human infections. Here, we summarize recent biologic discoveries using human intestinal organoids and human enteric viral pathogens.

Download Full-text