scholarly journals Requirement of the Movement Protein for Long Distance Spread of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Grafted Plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Arce-Johnson ◽  
Ulrich Reimann-Philipp ◽  
Hal S. Padgett ◽  
Rafael Rivera-Bustamante ◽  
Roger N. Beachy
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Root Stock

Systemic spread of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) that lacks a functional movement protein (TMVΔMP) was investigated in grafted tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. Transgenic plants that express the 30-kDa movement protein (MP) gene (MP) under the control of the rolC (phloem-specific) or pal2 (xylem-specific) promoters were unable to support systemic infection by the mutant virus, while plants that express the MP gene from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S:MP) led to systemic infection. Doubly grafted plants were constructed in which plants containing the 35S:MP gene were used as root stock and plants carrying various MP constructs constituted the middle scion. The upper scion contained the 35S:MP gene in plants that produce a hypersensitive response when systemically infected by TMV. TMVΔMP moved systemically and produced complete necrosis in the upper scion when expression of MP in the middle scion was under the control of the rolC or 35S promoter, but not when the pal2 promoter was used. When plants expressing a gene encoding a defective MP were used as the middle scion, there was no systemic infection by TMVΔMP, and a delay in systemic infection by wild-type TMV. In grafted plants with middle scions that expressed the TMV 54 kDa gene sequence there was no apparent systemic infection by TMVΔMP in the upper scion. The results obtained indicate that the MP has a role in long distance movement, and support the suggestion that replication is necessary for systemic infection of these grafted plants.

scholarly journals Components of Arabidopsis Defense- and Ethylene-Signaling Pathways Regulate Susceptibility to Cauliflower mosaic virus by Restricting Long-Distance Movement

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Love ◽  
Valérie Laval ◽  
Chiara Geri ◽  
Janet Laird ◽  
A. Deri Tomos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Movement ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Systemic Spread

We analyzed the susceptibility of Arabidopsis mutants with defects in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signaling to infection by Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). Mutants cpr1-1 and cpr5-2, in which SA-dependent defense signaling is activated constitutively, were substantially more resistant than the wild type to systemic infection, implicating SA signaling in defense against CaMV. However, SA-deficient NahG, sid2-2, eds5-1, and pad4-1 did not show enhanced susceptibility. A cpr5 eds5 double mutant also was resistant, suggesting that resistance in cpr5 may function partially independently of SA. Treatment of cpr5 and cpr5 eds5, but not cpr1, with salicyl-hydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of alternative oxidase, partially restored susceptibility to wild-type levels. Mutants etr1-1, etr1-3, and ein2-1, and two mutants with lesions in ET/JA-mediated defense, eds4 and eds8, also showed reduced virus susceptibility, demonstrating that ET-dependent responses also play a role in susceptibility. We used a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing CaMV recombinant to monitor virus movement. In mutants with reduced susceptibility, cpr1-1, cpr5-2, and etr1-1, CaMV-GFP formed local lesions similar to the wild type, but systemic spread was almost completely absent in cpr1 and cpr5 and was substantially reduced in etr1-1. Thus, mutations with enhanced systemic acquired resistance or compromised ET signaling show diminished long-distance virus movement.

Analysis of local and systemic spread of the crucifer-infecting TMV-Cg virus in tobacco and several Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Arce-Johnson ◽  
Consuelo Medina ◽  
Hal S. Padgett ◽  
Wilson Huanca ◽  
Carmen Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Movement Protein Gene ◽  
Local Movement

The crucifer-infecting tobacco mosaic virus, TMV-Cg, infects Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. efficiently without causing severe symptoms. The systemic spread of TMV-Cg in Arabidopsis was evaluated in 14�ecotypes. Five days after inoculation, TMV-Cg was detected in apical leaves of 8 out of 14 ecotypes. As expected, the spread of TMV-Cg in the ecotypes tested was considerably faster than that of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-U1). To study the participation of viral proteins in the TMV-Cg-induced infection, a complete genomic cDNA of TMV-Cg was cloned. The role of TMV-Cg movement protein in systemic spread was tested with a hybrid virus, constructed from the TMV-U1 genome and the TMV-Cg movement protein gene. Contrary to expectations, the systemic spread of this hybrid in Arabidopsis was similar to that of TMV-U1. The failure of the hybrid virus to spread at rates similar to those of TMV-Cg was not due to restrictions in local movement. In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), the hybrid virus spread efficiently and induced systemic mosaic symptoms characteristic of TMV-U1. The TMV-Cg cDNA clone provides an attractive tool to study virus–host interactions.

scholarly journals Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Isolate NY8153 Breaks Resistance in Arabidopsis Ecotype En-2

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Tang ◽  
S. M. Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Arabidopsis Ecotype ◽  
Long Distance Movement

Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype En-2 was previously shown to be resistant to cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) isolate CM4-184. In this study, En-2 plants were screened with eight other isolates of CaMV to identify viruses capable of overcoming resistance and to determine if the mechanism of resistance was the same for each virus. En-2 resistance to most CaMV isolates was mediated by the same mechanism, i.e., preventing virus long-distance movement. One CaMV isolate, NY8153, was found that produced a severe systemic infection on En-2 plants. In addition, the CM1841 isolate was able to spread systemically through En-2 plants, to a limited extent, without producing visible symptoms. These data indicate that the resistance shown by En-2 plants is not an all-or-none phenomenon. En-2 plants were susceptible to turnip mosaic potyvirus, suggesting that resistance is specific to CaMV.

scholarly journals Maize resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 542-544
Author(s):  
R. Pokorný ◽  
M. Porubová
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Maize Resistance ◽  
Long Distance Movement

Under greenhouse conditions 12 maize hybrids derived from crosses of four resistant lines with several lines of different level of susceptibility were evaluated for resistance to Czech isolate of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). These hybrids were not fully resistant to isolate of SCMV, but the symptoms on their newly growing leaves usually developed 1 to 3 weeks later in comparison with particular susceptible line, the course of infection was significantly slower and rate of infection lower. As for mechanisms of resistance, the presence of SCMV was detected by ELISA in inoculated leaves both of resistant and susceptible lines, but virus was detected 7 days later in resistant line. Systemic infection developed only in susceptible lines. These results indicate restriction of viral long distance movement in the resistant line.

scholarly journals Lower temperature influences Cauliflower mosaic virus systemic infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alers-Velazquez ◽  
Sushant Khandekar ◽  
Clare Muller ◽  
Jennifer Boldt ◽  
Scott Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Particle ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Particle Release ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure

AbstractLower temperatures delayed development of systemic symptoms by Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in two different plant hosts. However, lower temperature exposure increased CaMV nucleic acid levels in leaves of systemically-infected turnips. Furthermore, lower temperature altered the formation of aggregates formed by the CaMV major inclusion body (IB) protein, P6. Finally, lower temperature altered the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. These data may suggest that lower temperatures alter the actin cytoskeleton, facilitating the formation of larger IBs that hold on to their internal virions more strongly than small ones, impairing virus particle release and causing a delay in systemic infection.

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