Inhibitory compounds of Pinus monticola resistant and susceptible to Cronartium ribicola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
High Level

In a study of the effects of preformed inhibitory compounds in resistant and susceptible western white pine (Pinus monticola Dough), ether fractions from 6 of 16 resistant trees substantially reduced germination of basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. as compared to the percentage of germination observed in paired susceptible trees. The foliage of western white pine was found to contain a high level of other inhibitory compounds as well. The implications of these and other findings concerning toxic compounds are discussed.

Resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola: reduced needle-spot frequency

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hoff ◽  
G. I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine

Low frequency of needle spots caused by the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) in western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) appears to be an expression of a horizontal resistance factor in secondary needles. Heritability averaged 37% for two sets of a 4 tester × 10 candidate mating system. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to developing varieties of western white pine resistant to blister rust.

Antifungal activity of a Pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pm-AMP1) and its accumulation in western white pine infected with Cronartium ribicola

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 667-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Zamany ◽  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Abul Ekramoddoullah ◽  
Richard Sniezko
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Western White Pine

Pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pm-AMP1) was expressed and purified from bacterial cell lysate and its identity and purity confirmed by Western blot analysis using the Pm-AMP1 antibody. Application of Pm-AMP1 resulted in visible hyphal growth inhibition of Cronartium ribicola , Phellinus sulphurascens , Ophiostoma montium , and Ophiostoma clavigerum 3–12 days post-treatment. Pm-AMP1 also inhibited spore germination of several other phytopathogenic fungi by 32%–84% 5 days post-treatment. Microscopic examination of C. ribicola hyphae in contact with Pm-AMP1 showed distinct morphological changes. Seven western white pine ( Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) families (Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10) showing partial resistance to C. ribicola in the form of bark reaction (BR) were assessed by Western immunoblot for associations between Pm-AMP1 accumulation and family, phenotype, canker number, and virulence of C. ribicola. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean Pm-AMP1 protein accumulation between families, with higher levels detected in the full-sib BR families (Nos. 1, 2, 5) than the half-sib BR families (Nos. 6, 7). Family 8, previously described as a Mechanism ‘X’ BR family, had the highest number of BR seedlings and displayed high Pm-AMP1 levels, whereas the susceptible family (No. 10) showed the lowest levels (p < 0.05). Family 1 showed a significant association between Pm-AMP1 accumulation and overall seedling health (p < 0.01, R = 0.533), with higher protein levels observed in healthy versus severely infected seedlings. In general, low Pm-AMP1 levels were observed with an increase in the number of cankers per seedling (p < 0.05), and seedlings inoculated with the avirulent source of C. ribicola showed significantly higher Pm-AMP1 levels (p < 0.05) in the majority of BR families. Cis-acting regulatory elements, such as CCAAT binding factors, and an AG-motif binding protein were identified in the Pm-AMP1 promoter region. Multiple polymorphic sites were identified within the 5′ untranslated region and promoter regions. Our results suggest that Pm-AMP1 is involved in the western white pine defense response to fungal infection, as observed by its antifungal activity on C. ribicola and a range of phytopathogens as well as through its association with different indicators of resistance to C. ribicola.

In vivo verification of Cronartium ribicola propagated on tissue cultures of Pinus monticola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Host Tissues

Inoculations of western white pine seedling stems with rust-infected tissue cultures produced one successful rust infection after 5 months. The infection was typical of this rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) and the presence of haustoria was confirmed. Infected cortex tissue from this seedling was used to reestablish the isolate on host tissues grown in vitro.

A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul KM Ekramoddoullah ◽  
Joanne J Davidson ◽  
Doug W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stem Cankers

A 19-kDa protein, Pin m III, was recently shown to be associated with overwintering and frost hardiness of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings. Here, we report that this protein is up-regulated by the fungus Cronartium ribicola Fisch, the causal agent of white pine blister rust in western white pine trees. Between 1991 and 1994, bark samples of mature western white pine trees (resistant with no stem cankers and susceptible with stem cankers) were collected in winter, spring, and fall. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by Western immunoblot utilizing specific rabbit polyclonal anti-Pin l I (a homologue of Pin m III) antibodies. During all collection dates, but particularly in the spring, susceptible trees had more Pin m III than resistant trees. In July 1995, 43 previously inoculated 7-year-old white pine seedlings were also analyzed. In all susceptible seedlings (cankered) tested, cankered tissue had high levels of Pin m III, and samples collected from the outside edge of the canker margin had low levels of Pin m III; this protein was also detected in some healthy bark of cankered trees. Since the level of Pin m III in healthy white pine trees is normally lowest in summer months, the high level Pin m III in summer samples of infected tissues is a consequence of the fungal infection.

Growth of Cronartium ribicola in the absence of physical contact with its host

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Host Tissue ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Healthy Host

Rust mycelia from tissue cultures infected with Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. were grown on cellophane membranes in the absence of physical contact with host tissue. These membranes were in contact with agar media containing imbedded, actively growing western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) tissue cultures. Identities of these cultures were verified by reestablishing infections in healthy host tissue cultures.

Resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola: an analysis of needle-spot types and frequencies

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 2497-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. McDonald ◽  
R. J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yellow Type ◽  
Spot Type

Two kinds of needle spots, red and yellow, were found 9 months after artificial inoculation of 2-and 3-year-old, nursery-grown western white pine seedlings with field-run Cronartium ribicola inoculum. The causal agent was verified by histological examination of samples of the two spot types, by exclusion of inoculum from a portion of the seedlings, and by comparison of stem symptoms originating from the two spot types. When seedlings from three populations and two inoculation years were classed according to spot type, the class proportion varied from 68.4 to 9.0% yellow-type plants, 5.7 to 63.9% red-type plants, and 25.8 to 41.7% double-type plants. However, the mean spot frequency of each class for all three populations exhibited little variation. One population yielded frequencies of 12.11, 9.55, and 20.12 spots per metre of needle length on yellow-type, red-type, and double-type seedlings respectively. The second population yielded 7.66, 9.85, and 17.14; and the third, 7.00, 9.14, and 18.49. The existence of distinct seedling classes combined with evidence that the sum of the means of the two single-type classes (12.11 + 9.55 = 21.66) was nearly equal to the mean of the double-type class (20.12) led the authors to conclude that field-run inoculum was composed of at least two races and that the pine seedlings exhibited differential resistance to those races.

Inoculation of western white pine tissue cultures with basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Direct Inoculation

Rust infections were established in healthy, undifferentiated tissue cultures of Pinus monticola Dougl. by direct inoculation with germinating basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. Infections were verified by confirming the presence of typical rust haustoria and extensive intracellular ramification by the mononucleate rust mycelium.

scholarly journals A Class IV Chitinase Is Up-Regulated by Fungal Infection and Abiotic Stresses and Associated with Slow-Canker-Growth Resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Western White Pine (Pinus monticola)

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Abul K. M. Ekramoddoullah ◽  
Arezoo Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Candidate Gene Approach ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Class Iv Chitinase ◽  
Class Iv

In the present study, in a candidate gene approach, a class IV chitinase gene (PmCh4A) of pathogenesis-related family three was cloned and characterized in western white pine (Pinus monticola). PmCh4A chitinase expression in the different organs of healthy seedlings was below levels detectable by western immunoblot analysis using an antibody raised against PmCh4A protein. However, a 27-kDa isozyme of PmCh4A accu mulated in both susceptible and slow-canker-growth (SCG) resistant seedlings after infection by Cronartium ribicola. As with fungal infection, the application of a signal chemical (methyl jasmonate) and a protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitor (okadaic acid) increased the PmCh4A protein accumulation. Furthermore, another 26-kDa isozyme was expressed specifically in SCG resistant seedlings, providing a potential tool for marker-assisted selection in forest breeding. Wounding treatment also induced expression of the protein. These data suggest that the class IV chitinase PmCh4A is involved in the defense response of western white pine to infection and abiotic stresses.

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