Growth of the rust fungus Cronartium ribicola in tissue cultures of Pinus monticola

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine

Cambial explants of western white pine, Pinus monticola, infected with Cronartium ribicola, were cultured on a medium containing glucose, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate (monobasic), ammonium sulfate, ferric sulfate, manganese sulfate, and one of three auxins: indoleacetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 2,4-(dichlorophenyoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).Invasion of newly formed callus tissue by the rust fungus was generally slow. Dense, feltlike aerial mycelia were frequently produced. Intercellular mycelia and intracellular haustoria were typical, and direct attachments to aerial mycelia were observed. Occasionally, mycelia invaded the medium, but did not become independent of the host tissue. Typical pycnia- and aecia-like sori were produced in many cultures. Aecia-like sori formed immediately after maturation of pycnia, but did not produce spores.

TISSUE CULTURE OF PINUS MONTICOLA ON A CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1783-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic ◽  
Western White Pine

Procedures for obtaining and maintaining axenic tissue cultures of Pinus monticola are described. Western white pine tissue was cultured on a chemically defined medium containing calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate (monobasic), ammonium sulfate, ferric sulfate, manganese sulfate, glucose, and one of three auxins, IAA, NAA, or 2,4-D. Addition of several B vitamins, amino acids, and kinetin increased growth on these media but were not required.

Resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola: reduced needle-spot frequency

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hoff ◽  
G. I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine

Low frequency of needle spots caused by the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) in western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) appears to be an expression of a horizontal resistance factor in secondary needles. Heritability averaged 37% for two sets of a 4 tester × 10 candidate mating system. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to developing varieties of western white pine resistant to blister rust.

The relative susceptibility of needle- and stem-derived white pine tissue cultures to artificial inoculation with mycelium of Cronartium ribicola

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1789-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Tissue cultures of Pinus monticola Dougl. derived from stem cortex and leaf tissues were found susceptible to artificial inoculations with mycelium from the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola Fisch. ex Rabenh.). Tissue cultures from leaf mesophyll grew slower and were colonized more rapidly by this fungus than those derived from stem cortex.

Inhibitory compounds of Pinus monticola resistant and susceptible to Cronartium ribicola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
High Level

In a study of the effects of preformed inhibitory compounds in resistant and susceptible western white pine (Pinus monticola Dough), ether fractions from 6 of 16 resistant trees substantially reduced germination of basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. as compared to the percentage of germination observed in paired susceptible trees. The foliage of western white pine was found to contain a high level of other inhibitory compounds as well. The implications of these and other findings concerning toxic compounds are discussed.

Antifungal activity of a Pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pm-AMP1) and its accumulation in western white pine infected with Cronartium ribicola

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 667-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Zamany ◽  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Abul Ekramoddoullah ◽  
Richard Sniezko
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Western White Pine

Pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pm-AMP1) was expressed and purified from bacterial cell lysate and its identity and purity confirmed by Western blot analysis using the Pm-AMP1 antibody. Application of Pm-AMP1 resulted in visible hyphal growth inhibition of Cronartium ribicola , Phellinus sulphurascens , Ophiostoma montium , and Ophiostoma clavigerum 3–12 days post-treatment. Pm-AMP1 also inhibited spore germination of several other phytopathogenic fungi by 32%–84% 5 days post-treatment. Microscopic examination of C. ribicola hyphae in contact with Pm-AMP1 showed distinct morphological changes. Seven western white pine ( Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) families (Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10) showing partial resistance to C. ribicola in the form of bark reaction (BR) were assessed by Western immunoblot for associations between Pm-AMP1 accumulation and family, phenotype, canker number, and virulence of C. ribicola. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean Pm-AMP1 protein accumulation between families, with higher levels detected in the full-sib BR families (Nos. 1, 2, 5) than the half-sib BR families (Nos. 6, 7). Family 8, previously described as a Mechanism ‘X’ BR family, had the highest number of BR seedlings and displayed high Pm-AMP1 levels, whereas the susceptible family (No. 10) showed the lowest levels (p < 0.05). Family 1 showed a significant association between Pm-AMP1 accumulation and overall seedling health (p < 0.01, R = 0.533), with higher protein levels observed in healthy versus severely infected seedlings. In general, low Pm-AMP1 levels were observed with an increase in the number of cankers per seedling (p < 0.05), and seedlings inoculated with the avirulent source of C. ribicola showed significantly higher Pm-AMP1 levels (p < 0.05) in the majority of BR families. Cis-acting regulatory elements, such as CCAAT binding factors, and an AG-motif binding protein were identified in the Pm-AMP1 promoter region. Multiple polymorphic sites were identified within the 5′ untranslated region and promoter regions. Our results suggest that Pm-AMP1 is involved in the western white pine defense response to fungal infection, as observed by its antifungal activity on C. ribicola and a range of phytopathogens as well as through its association with different indicators of resistance to C. ribicola.

scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of a Putative Antifungal Peptide Gene (Pm-AMP1) in Pinus monticola

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Ekramoddoullah ◽  
J.-J. Liu ◽  
A. Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Defense Response ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Antifungal Protein ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Blastx Search ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Peptide Gene

We have been working on proteins that are involved in the defense response of western white pine (WWP) (Pinus monitcola) to the blister rust fungus Cronartium ribicola. Our objective was to identify candidate genes that could be used for improving resistance of WWP to this rust pathogen. During proteomic analysis of bark proteins extracted from WWP trees exhibiting slow-canker-growth (SCG) resistance, a 10.6-kDa peptide, termed Pm-AMP1, was found to be enriched at the receding canker margin. The cDNA encoding this peptide was cloned and characterized. A BLASTX search revealed that the Pm-AMP1 encoded by its cDNA has a 50% homology with MiAMP1, a broad-spectrum antifungal protein isolated from Macadamia integrifolia. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, an antibody was produced against the Pm-AMP1. Immunochemical quantification of the Pm-AMP1 in bark samples of susceptible WWP trees revealed this protein to be barely detectable in the cankered tissues, but occurring in higher concentrations in healthy tissues away from canker margins. Foliage of SCG-resistant trees contained higher concentrations of the Pm-AMP1 than foliage from susceptible cankered trees. Both wounding and methyl jasmonate treatment of WWP needles induced the expression of this protein, further supporting its putative role as a defense response protein.

In vivo verification of Cronartium ribicola propagated on tissue cultures of Pinus monticola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Host Tissues

Inoculations of western white pine seedling stems with rust-infected tissue cultures produced one successful rust infection after 5 months. The infection was typical of this rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) and the presence of haustoria was confirmed. Infected cortex tissue from this seedling was used to reestablish the isolate on host tissues grown in vitro.

scholarly journals First Report of the White Pine Blister Rust Fungus, Cronartium ribicola, on Pedicularis bracteosa

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Zambino ◽  
B. A. Richardson ◽  
G. I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Leaf Section ◽  
Ribes Spp

Until recently, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. was thought to utilize only Ribes spp. (Grossulariaceae) as telial hosts in North America. During 2004, Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth. and Castilleja miniata Dougl. (Orobanchaceae) were proven as natural telial hosts at a subalpine site (48.634109°N, 116.570817°W, elevation 1,800 m) near Roman Nose Lake, ID, where whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) are aecial hosts, and Pedicularis, Castilleja, and Ribes spp. are common herbs/shrubs (2). During August 2006, teliospore columns typical of C. ribicola or the morphologically indistinguishable (2) C. coleosporioides J.C. Arthur were found on two Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. plants at this site, within 3 m of a large, sporulating canker on whitebark pine. ITS/5.8S rDNA regions were sequenced using detached teliospore column samples from the two plants, ITS1F and ITS4 primers (3), and standard PCR protocols (2). One sample sequence was identified as C. ribicola and the other as C. coleosporioides (GenBank Accession Nos. EF185857 and EF185858, respectively), by exact matches in comparisons with published sequences (2). Artificial inoculation confirmed P. bracteosa's ability to host C. ribicola. Sections of leaves collected near Freezeout Saddle, ID (47.00885°N, 116.00846°W, elev. 1,600 m) were rinsed in water, placed abaxial side up on moistened filter paper in 150-mm petri plates, inoculated with seven diverse sources of urediniospores/aeciospores, misted with distilled water, and incubated at 18°C with 12 h of light. A single leaf section produced urediniospores 17 days and teliospores 26 days after inoculation with one of two Roman Nose aeciospore sources. Urediniospores from this leaf section caused infections on Ribes nigrum L., and teliospore columns yielded a DNA sequence that matched C. ribicola. Though P. bracteosa is confirmed as yet another natural host of C. ribicola in North America, it may be producing less C. ribicola inoculum for pine infection than do the P. racemosa and Ribes spp. telial hosts at the collection site. Uredinia and telia of C. ribicola on P. bracteosa were much less frequent and smaller than those on P. racemosa and Ribes spp. and those of C. coleosporioides on this same host (2). Pedicularis (but not Castilleja) spp. are significant telial hosts of C. ribicola strains at some high elevation sites in eastern Asia (1). Discovery of multiple North American telial hosts in the Orobanchaceae suggests unrecognized complexity in C. ribicola's ability to exploit ecological niches in recently established pathosystems of North America (2). References: (1) G. I. McDonald et al. Pages 41–57 in: Forest Pathology: From Genes to Landscapes. J. Lundquist and R. Hamelin, eds. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) G. I. McDonald et al. For. Pathol. 36:73, 2006. (3) T. J. White et al. Pages 315–322 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al. eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.

Growth of Cronartium ribicola in the absence of physical contact with its host

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Host Tissue ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Healthy Host

Rust mycelia from tissue cultures infected with Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. were grown on cellophane membranes in the absence of physical contact with host tissue. These membranes were in contact with agar media containing imbedded, actively growing western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) tissue cultures. Identities of these cultures were verified by reestablishing infections in healthy host tissue cultures.

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