scholarly journals Chip Technologies for Screening Chemical and Biological Agents Against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Q. Beeman ◽  
Zach L. Njus ◽  
Santosh Pandey ◽  
Gregory L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ionic Solutions ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nematode Chemotaxis ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause substantial damage to agricultural crops worldwide. Long-term management of these pests requires novel strategies to reduce infection of host plants. Disruption of nematode chemotaxis to root systems has been proposed as a potential management approach, and novel assays are needed to test the chemotactic behavior of nematodes against a wide range of synthetic chemicals and root exudates. Two microfluidic chips were developed that measure the attraction or repulsion of nematodes to chemicals (“chemical chip”) and young plant roots (“root chip”). The chip designs allowed for chemical concentration gradients to be maintained up to 24 h, the nematodes to remain physically separate from the chemical reservoirs, and for images of nematode populations to be captured using either a microscope or a flatbed scanner. In the experiments using the chemical chips, seven ionic solutions were tested on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines. Results were consistent with previous reports of repellency of M. incognita to a majority of the ionic solutions, including NH4NO3, KNO3, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2. H. glycines was found to be attracted to both NH4NO3 and KNO3, which has not been reported previously. A software program was written to aid in monitoring the location of nematodes at regular time intervals using the root chip. In experiments with the root chip, H. glycines J2s were attracted to roots of 3-day-old, susceptible (cultivar Williams 82) soybean seedlings, and attraction of H. glycines to susceptible soybean was similar across the length of the root. Attraction to resistant (cultivar Jack) soybean seedlings relative to the water only control was inconsistent across runs, and H. glycines J2s were not preferentially attracted to the roots of resistant or susceptible cultivars when both were placed on opposite sides of the same root chip. The chips developed allow for direct tests of plant-parasitic nematode chemotaxis to chemicals and roots with minimal human intervention.

scholarly journals Marine Organisms for the Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Pasqua Veronico ◽  
Maria Teresa Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulants ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes are annually responsible for the loss of 10%–25% of worldwide crop production, most of which is attributable to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that infest a wide range of agricultural crops throughout the world. Current nematode control tools are not enough to ensure the effective management of these parasites, mainly due to the severe restrictions imposed on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is important to discover new potential nematicidal sources that are suitable for the development of additional safe and effective control strategies. In the last few decades, there has been an explosion of information about the use of seaweeds as plant growth stimulants and potential nematicides. Novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine cyanobacteria and sponges in an effort to find their application outside marine ecosystems and in the discovery of new drugs. Their potential as antihelmintics could also be exploited to find applicability against plant parasitic nematodes. The present review focuses on the activity of marine organisms on RKNs and their potential application as safe nematicidal agents.

scholarly journals Effectors of plant parasitic nematodes that re-program root cell development

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Hassan ◽  
Carolyn A. Behm ◽  
Ulrike Mathesius
Keyword(s):  
Cell Development ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes infect the roots of a wide range of host plants. Migratory endo- or ectoparasites feed off the roots temporarily, but sedentary endoparasites are biotrophic parasites that invade roots and establish a permanent feeding site by re-directing root cell development. Feeding sites develop after injection of nematode effectors into plant cells through a stylet. In this review, we concentrate on several recently-identified effectors and discuss their possible functions in re-directing root cell development. We give examples of effectors that regulate host gene expression, interact with specific host proteins or mimic plant signalling molecules.

scholarly journals Sting Nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchina: Belonolaimidae: Belonolaiminae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Crow ◽  
Angela S. Brammer
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Belonolaimus Longicaudatus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Sting nematodes are among the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes on a wide range of plants. Adults can reach lengths greater than 3 mm, making them one of the largest plant-parasitic nematodes. While there are several species of sting nematodes described, only Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau is known to cause widespread crop damage. This document is EENY-239, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: September 2001. EENY618/IN395: Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchina: Belonolaimidae: Belonolaiminae) (ufl.edu)

The Use of RNA Interference in Enhancing Plant Resistance against Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siye Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes caused severe yield loss in major crops all over the world. The most wild-used strategies to combat the nematodes is the chamical nematicides, but the overuse of synthetic nematicides threaten sustainable agriculture development. Other strategies, like resistance cultivars and crop rotation, have limited efficiency. Thus, the utilization of molecular biotechnology like RNA interference (RNAi) would be one of the alternative ways to enhance plant resistance against nematodes. RNAi has already used as a tool for gene functional analysis in a wide range of species, especially in the non-parasitic nematode, Caenorhabtidis elegans. In plant-parasitic nematodes, RNAi is induced by soaking nematodes with double-strand RNA(dsRNA) solution mixed with neurostimulants, which is called in vitro RNAi delivery method. In another way around, in planta RNAi method, which is Host-mediated RNAi approach also showed a great success in conferring the resistance against root-knock nematodes. Two main advantages of RNAi-based transgenics are RNAi technology do not produce any functional foreign proteins and it target organisms in a sequence-specific way. Even though the development of RNAi-based transgenics against plant-parasitic nematodes is still in the initial phase, it offers the prospect into a novel nematode control strategy in the future.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Beneficial Microbes in Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Rudoviko Galileya Medison ◽  
Milca Banda Medison ◽  
Litao Tan ◽  
Zhengxiang Sun ◽  
Yi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
The Right ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The soil inhabits many microbes, including plant parasitic nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes are reported to cause substantial damage to crops which results in yield and economic losses. Chemical control is the most widely used method to control plant parasitic nematodes. However, the consequences of synthetic chemicals are detrimental to human health, animals, and the environment and face so many strict regulatory measures. Synthetic chemicals are also not reliable with their inability to provide long-term protection. Many studies have shown that the use of beneficial fungi and bacteria has the potential to prevent and suppress plant parasitic nematodes while keeping the environment safe. Several experiments have demonstrated that bioproducts of microbial origin are cheap, safe, and provide long-lasting biocontrol effects against pathogens both in vitro and field conditions. Therefore, this review aims to discuss mechanisms that beneficial microbes and their products use to successfully suppress plant parasitic nematodes. The review also explains the importance of using commercial bionematicides in the sustainable management of plant parasitic nematodes. The existing challenges that are limiting the full application of beneficial microbes, and what needs to be done to fully utilize biocontrol agents in the management of plant parasitic nematodes have also been discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this review has come at the right time to give researchers and plant growers more options when several synthetic chemical nematicides are being banned by regulatory authorities due to their hazardous effects.

Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Florida Cotton Production

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Zane Grabau
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This 8-page fact sheet written by Zane J. Grabau and published in January 2017 by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology explains how to diagnose and manage nematode problems in cotton production.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng015

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