scholarly journals Characterization of Hypersensitive Resistance to Bacterial Spot Race T3 (Xanthomonas perforans) from Tomato Accession PI 128216

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Robbins ◽  
Audrey Darrigues ◽  
Sung-Chur Sim ◽  
Mohammed Abu Taher Masud ◽  
David M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Candidate Loci

Bacterial spot of tomato is caused by four species of Xanthomonas. The accession PI 128216 (Solanum pimpinellifolium) displays a hypersensitive reaction (HR) to race T3 strains (predominately Xanthomonas perforans). We developed an inbred backcross (IBC) population (BC2S5, 178 families) derived from PI 128216 and OH88119 (S. lycopersicum) as the susceptible recurrent parent for simultaneous introgression and genetic analysis of the HR response. These IBC families were evaluated in the greenhouse for HR to race T3 strain Xcv761. The IBC population was genotyped with molecular markers distributed throughout the genome in order to identify candidate loci conferring resistance. We treated the IBC population as a hypothesis forming generation to guide validation in subsequent crosses. Nonparametric analysis identified an association between HR and markers clustered on chromosome 11 (P < 0.05 to 0.0001) and chromosome 6 (0.04 > P > 0.002). Further analysis of the IBC population suggested that markers on chromosome 6 and 11 failed to assort independently, a phenomenon known as gametic phase disequilibrium. Therefore, to validate marker-trait linkages, resistant IBC plants were crossed with OH88119 and BC3F2 progeny were evaluated for HR in the greenhouse. In these subsequent populations, the HR response was associated with the chromosome 11 markers (P < 0.0002) but not with the markers on chromosome 6 (P > 0.25). Independent F2 families were developed by crossing resistant IBC lines to OH8245, OH88119, and OH7530. These populations were genotyped, organized into classes based on chromosome 11 markers, and evaluated for resistance in the field. The PI 128216 locus on chromosome 11 provided resistance that was dependent on gene dosage and genetic background. These results define a single locus, Rx-4, from PI 128216, which provides resistance to bacterial spot race T3, has additive gene action, and is located on chromosome 11.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping of Hypersensitive Resistance from Tomato ‘Hawaii 7981’ to Xanthomonas perforans Race T3

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Samuel F. Hutton ◽  
Matthew D. Robbins ◽  
Sung-Chur Sim ◽  
Jay W. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Allelism Tests ◽  
Significant Yield

Bacterial spot of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is caused by four species of Xanthomonas. The disease causes significant yield losses and a reduction in fruit quality. Physiological races have been described with tomato race 3 (T3) corresponding to strains of Xanthomonas perforans. The breeding line Hawaii 7981 (hereafter H7981) shows a hypersensitive reaction (HR) to race T3 strains conditioned by the interaction of the host resistance locus Xv3 and the bacterial effector avrXv3. The Xv3 gene is required for H7981-derived resistance to be effective under field conditions, though its expression is subject to genetic background. The segregation of HR in F2 populations derived from H7981 crossed to processing tomato parents OH88119 and OH7870 was studied in 331 progeny, with the two independent crosses providing validation. We screened 453 simple-sequence repeat, insertion/deletion, and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers and identified 44 polymorphic markers each for the OH88119 and OH7870 populations covering 84.6 and 73.3% of the genome, respectively, within 20 centimorgans (cM). Marker–trait analysis using all polymorphic markers demonstrated that Xv3-mediated resistance maps to chromosome 11 in the two independent crosses. Allelism tests were conducted in crosses between lines carrying Xv3 derived from H7981, Rx-4 derived from plant introduction (PI) 128216, and resistance derived from PI 126932. These allelism tests suggested that the loci conditioning HR to race T3 strains are linked within 0.1 cM, are allelic, or are the same gene.

scholarly journals A Non-Hypersensitive Resistance in Pepper to the Bacterial Spot Pathogen Is Associated with Two Recessive Genes

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Jones ◽  
G. V. Minsavage ◽  
P. D. Roberts ◽  
R. R. Johnson ◽  
C. S. Kousik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Similar Concentration ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Bacterial Spot Resistance

The pepper genotype, ECW-12346, was developed with bacterial spot resistance derived from Pep13, PI 271322, and ECW123 (Early Calwonder containing Bs1, Bs2, and Bs3 genes). For genetic analysis of this resistance, ECW12346, ECW123, F1, F2, and backcrosses were inoculated with a pepper race 6 (P6) strain. Two recessive genes were identified that determined resistance. The genes are designated bs5 and bs6 for the resistance derived from PI 271322 and Pep13, respectively. In greenhouse and field studies, ECW12346 was highly resistant, whereas ECW123 had significant defoliation. In growth-room studies, electrolyte leakage and population dynamics were determined. Following infiltration of both genotypes with 108 CFU/ml of a P6 strain, there was no rapid increase in electrolyte leakage within 72 h, whereas a rapid increase in electrolyte leakage occurred within 24 h when a similar concentration of a P3 strain (containing the avrBs2 gene) was infiltrated into the intercellular spaces of the leaf. When 105 CFU/ml of a P6 strain was infiltrated into leaves, complete tissue collapse was evident in ECW123 10 days later as determined by visual assessment and electrolyte leakage data, but no confluent necrosis was detected in ECW12346. Internal populations were at least two logarithmic units higher in ECW123 than in ECW12346. Therefore, ECW12346 inhibits population build-up without inducing the typical hypersensitive reaction characterized by an increase in electrolyte leakage.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sequenced Genomes of Xanthomonas perforans Identifies Candidate Targets for Resistance Breeding in Tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1097-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujan Timilsina ◽  
Peter Abrahamian ◽  
Neha Potnis ◽  
Gerald V. Minsavage ◽  
Frank F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Race 4

Bacterial disease management is a challenge for modern agriculture due to rapid changes in pathogen populations. Genome sequences for hosts and pathogens provide detailed information that facilitates effector-based breeding strategies. Tomato genotypes have gene-for-gene resistance to the bacterial spot pathogen Xanthomonas perforans. The bacterial spot populations in Florida shifted from tomato race 3 to 4, such that the corresponding tomato resistance gene no longer recognizes the effector protein AvrXv3. Genome sequencing showed variation in effector profiles among race 4 strains collected in 2006 and 2012 and compared with a race 3 strain collected in 1991. We examined variation in putative targets of resistance among Florida strains of X. perforans collected from 1991 to 2006. Consistent with race change, avrXv3 was present in race 3 strains but nonfunctional in race 4 strains due to multiple independent mutations. Effectors xopJ4 and avrBs2 were unchanged in all strains. The effector avrBsT was absent in race 3 strains collected in the 1990s but present in race 3 strains collected in 2006 and nearly all race 4 strains. These changes in effector profiles suggest that xopJ4 and avrBsT are currently the best targets for resistance breeding against bacterial spot in tomato.

scholarly journals First Report of Bacterial Spot of Tomato Caused by Xanthomonas perforans in Mississippi

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
P. Abrahamian ◽  
J. M. Klein ◽  
J. B. Jones ◽  
G. E. Vallad ◽  
R. A. Melanson
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans

scholarly journals Modeling del(17)(p11.2p11.2) and dup(17)(p11.2p11.2) Contiguous Gene Syndromes by Chromosome Engineering in Mice: Phenotypic Consequences of Gene Dosage Imbalance

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 3646-3655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherina Walz ◽  
Sandra Caratini-Rivera ◽  
Weimin Bi ◽  
Patricia Fonseca ◽  
Dena L. Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Craniofacial Abnormalities ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Mild Phenotype ◽  
Contiguous Gene ◽  
Genomic Interval ◽  
Dosage Imbalance

ABSTRACT Contiguous gene syndromes (CGS) are a group of disorders associated with chromosomal rearrangements of which the phenotype is thought to result from altered copy numbers of physically linked dosage-sensitive genes. Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a CGS associated with a deletion within band p11.2 of chromosome 17. Recently, patients harboring the predicted reciprocal duplication product [dup(17)(p11.2p11.2)] have been described as having a relatively mild phenotype. By chromosomal engineering, we created rearranged chromosomes carrying the deletion [Df(11)17] or duplication [Dp(11)17] of the syntenic region on mouse chromosome 11 that spans the genomic interval commonly deleted in SMS patients. Df(11)17/+ mice exhibit craniofacial abnormalities, seizures, marked obesity, and male-specific reduced fertility. Dp(11)17/+ animals are underweight and do not have seizures, craniofacial abnormalities, or reduced fertility. Examination of Df(11)17/Dp(11)17 animals suggests that most of the observed phenotypes result from gene dosage effects. Our murine models represent a powerful tool to analyze the consequences of gene dosage imbalance in this genomic interval and to investigate the molecular genetic bases of both SMS and dup(17)(p11.2p11.2).

scholarly journals Transcriptome-Based Analysis of Tomato Genotypes Resistant to Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas perforans) Race T4

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4070
Author(s):  
Rui Shi ◽  
Dilip R. Panthee
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Stress Pathway ◽  
Go Terms

Bacterial spot (BS) is one of the most devastating foliar bacterial diseases of tomato and is caused by multiple species of Xanthomonas. We performed the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of three tomato lines with different levels of resistance to Xanthomonas perforans race T4 to study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcript-based sequence variations. Analysis between inoculated and control samples revealed that resistant genotype Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 270443 had more DEGs (834), followed by susceptible genotype tomato (S. lycopersicum L) breeding line NC 714 (373), and intermediate genotype tomato breeding line NC 1CELBR (154). Gene ontology (GO) terms revealed that more GO terms (51) were enriched for upregulated DEGs in the resistant genotype PI 270443, and more downregulated DEGs (67) were enriched in the susceptible genotype NC 714. DEGs in the biotic stress pathway showed more upregulated biotic stress pathway DEGs (67) for PI 270443 compared to more downregulated DEGs (125) for the susceptible NC 714 genotype. Resistant genotype PI 270443 has three upregulated DEGs for pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and susceptible genotype NC 714 has one downregulated R gene. Sequence variations called from RNA-Seq reads against the reference genome of susceptible Heinz 1706 showed that chr11, which has multiple reported resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to BS race T4, is identical between two resistant lines, PI 270443 and NC 1CELBR, suggesting that these two lines share the same resistance QTLs on this chromosome. Several loci for PR resistance proteins with sequence variation between the resistant and susceptible tomato lines were near the known Rx4 resistance gene on chr11, and additional biotic stress associated DEGs near to the known Rx4 resistance gene were also identified from the susceptible NC 714 line.

scholarly journals Sensitized phenotypic screening identifies gene dosage sensitive region on chromosome 11 that predisposes to disease in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Ermakova ◽  
Lukasz Piszczek ◽  
Luisa Luciani ◽  
Florence M. G. Cavalli ◽  
Tiago Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Phenotypic Screening ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Sensitive Region

Different mechanisms of cyclin D1 overexpression in multiple myeloma revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative analysis of mRNA levels

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Specht ◽  
Eugenia Haralambieva ◽  
Karin Bink ◽  
Marcus Kremer ◽  
Sonja Mandl-Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Chromosome 11

AbstractThe t(11;14)(q13;q32) is the most common translocation in multiple myeloma (MM), resulting in up-regulation of cyclin D1. We used a segregation fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay to detect t(11;14) breakpoints in primary MM cases and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify cyclin D1 and MYEOV (myeloma overexpressed) expression, another putative oncogene located on chromosome 11q13. High levels of cyclin D1 mRNA (cyclin D1/TBP [TATA box binding protein] ratio &gt; 95) were found exclusively in the presence of a t(11;14) translocation (11/48 cases; P &lt; .00001). In addition, a subgroup of MM cases (15/48) with intermediate to low cyclin D1 mRNA (cyclin D1/TBP ratio between 2.3 and 20) was identified. FISH analysis ruled out a t(11; 14) translocation and 11q13 amplification in these cases; however, in 13 of 15 patients a chromosome 11 polysomy was demonstrated (P &lt; .0001). These results indicate an effect of gene dosage as an alternative mechanism of cyclin D1 deregulation in MM. The absence of chromosome 11 abnormalities in 2 of 15 patients with intermediate cyclin D1 expression supports that there are presumably other mechanism(s) of cyclin D1 deregulation in MM patients. Our data indicate that deregulation of MYEOV is not favored in MM and further strengthens the role of cyclin D1 overexpression in lymphoid malignancies with a t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation. (Blood. 2004;104:1120-1126)

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based Analysis of Tomato Genotypes Resistant to Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas perforans) Race T4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Shi ◽  
Dilip R. Panthee
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Susceptible Line ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Stress Pathway ◽  
Go Terms

AbstractBacterial spot (BS) is one of the most devastating foliar bacterial diseases of tomato caused by multiple species of Xanthomonas. We performed the RNA-Seq analysis of three tomato lines with different level of resistance to Xanthomonas perforans race T4 to study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcript-based sequence variations.Analysis between inoculated and control samples revealed that resistant line PI 270443 had more DEGs (834), followed by susceptible line NC 714 (373), and intermediate line NC 1CELBR (154). Gene functional analysis based on Gene Ontology (GO) terms revealed that more GO terms (51) were enriched for up-regulated DEGs in the resistant line PI 270443, and more down-regulated DEGs (67) were enriched in the susceptible line NC 714. The specific analysis for DEGs in biotic stress pathway using MapMan software showed more up-regulated biotic stress pathway DEGs (67) for PI 270443 compared to more down-regulated DEGs (125) for susceptible NC 714 line. One interesting feature was that resistant PI 270443 has three up-regulated DEGs for PR-protein, and susceptible line NC 714 has one down-regulated R gene, which is disease-related.Analysis of sequence variations called from RNA-Seq reads against the reference genome of susceptible Heinz 1706 showed that chr11 which has multiple reported resistance QTLs to BS race T4 is identical between two resistant lines, PI 270443 and NC 1CELBR, suggesting that these two lines share the same resistance QTLs on this chromosome. Several loci for PR-resistance proteins with sequence variation between the resistant and susceptible tomato lines were identified near the known Rx4 resistance gene on chr11. These findings may be useful for further molecular breeding of tomato.

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