scholarly journals Receptor-Determined Susceptibility of Preimplantation Embryos to Pseudorabies Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mateusen ◽  
A. Van Soom ◽  
D.G.D. Maes ◽  
H. Favoreel ◽  
H.J. Nauwynck
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus

scholarly journals 197SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PORCINE MORULAE AND BLASTOCYST STAGE EMBRYOS TO PSEUDORABIES VIRUS AND PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
B. Mateusen ◽  
A. Van Soom ◽  
D.G.D. Maes ◽  
H.J. Nauwynck
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Lelystad Virus ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Porcine preimplantation embryos are refractory to infection with pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) during the 2–4 to 16-cell stage as described by Bolin et al. (1981 Am. J. Vet. Res. 42: 1711–1712) and Prieto et al. (1996 Theriogenology 46: 687–693), respectively. Research on the effects of PRV and PRRSV on embryonic cells of morulae, blastocysts and hatched blastocysts is limited. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were (i) to assess the effects of PRV and PRRSV exposure on further embryonic development, and (ii) to determine whether PRV and PRRSV are able to replicate in embryonic cells of porcine morulae and blastocysts. In vivo produced ZP-intact and ZP-free morulae (6 days post-insemination), early blastocysts (7 days post-insemination), and hatched blastocysts (8 days post-insemination) derived from 22 superovulated sows were exposed to 105 TCID50 PRV (strain 89v87, second passage in swine testicle cells) or to 105 TCID50 PRRSV (Lelystad virus strain, 13th passage in swine alveolar macrophages) for 1h at 39°C. Control embryos were incubated under the same circumstances without viruses. Each group of morulae and blastocysts consisted of approximately 20 embryos. Embryonic development was assessed every 12h and differences in rates of development were analyzed using Chi-square analysis or Fisher’s exact test. At 48h post-incubation, embryos were collected and examined for viral antigen by indirect immunofluorescence. Further embryo development of ZP-intact and ZP-free morulae and blastocysts was not affected by exposure to PRV or PRRSV compared to controls (P<0.05). Moreover, using indirect immunofluorescence, no PRV or PRRSV antigen-positive cells were detected. Exposure of hatched blastocysts to PRV inhibited further embryo development as 100% (n=5) of the embryos degenerated 24h after viral exposure. This was significantly different (P<0.05) from the controls and the PRRSV-incubated hatched blastocysts that did not experience any negative influence on embryo development. Based on these results it can be concluded that embryonic cells are not susceptible to a PRRSV infection up to the hatched blastocyst stage. Embryonic cells of morulae and blastocysts are refractory to PRV, but the virus has a detrimental effect on further embryo development of hatched blastocysts. More experiments are necessary to confirm these results and to investigate whether, or at which preimplantation stage, embryos are susceptible to a PRRSV infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus type 2 and its coinfection rate in Shandong province in China from 2015 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Ma ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Zhaohu Liu ◽  
Fanliang Meng ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the crucial swine viral pathogens, caused porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). Shandong province is one of the most important pork producing areas and bears a considerable economic loss due to PCVAD. However, there is limited information on epidemiology and coinfection rate of PCV2 with other critical swine diseases in this area, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Results Overall, 89.59% serum samples and 36.98% tissue samples were positive for PCV2 specified ELISA and PCR positive for PCV2, respectively. The coinfection rates of PCV2 with PRRSV, PRV, CSFV, and PEDV were 26.73%, 18.37%, 13.06%, and 3.47%, respectively. Moreover, genetic characteristic of PCV2 were analyzed based on the cap genes showing that PCV2d is the dominant sub-genotype circulating in the province. Conclusions Our findings reveal that PCV2d, as the dominant strain, is prevailing in pig farms in Shandong province at high levels. There was a high frequency of coinfection of PCV2 and PRRSV.

scholarly journals Effects of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection on the development of the immune response against pseudorabies virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G.M De Bruin ◽  
J.N Samsom ◽  
J.J.M Voermans ◽  
E.M.A van Rooij ◽  
Y.E De Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Genetic, geographical and temporal variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Illinois

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony L. Goldberg ◽  
Edwin C. Hahn ◽  
Ronald M. Weigel ◽  
Gail Scherba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Geographical Regions

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 gene sequences were generated by RT–PCR from 55 field isolates collected in Illinois and eastern Iowa. Spatial and temporal patterns of genetic variation in the virus were examined on a local geographical scale in order to test the hypothesis that the genetic similarity of PRRSV isolates (measured as their percentage pairwise ORF5 nucleotide similarity) was positively correlated with their geographical proximity. Levels of genetic variability in the Illinois/eastern Iowa PRRSV sample were similar to levels of variability seen across broader geographical regions within North America. The genetic similarity of isolates did not correlate with their geographical distance. These results imply that the movement of PRRSV onto farms does not generally occur via distance-limited processes such as wind or wildlife vectors, but more typically occurs via the long-distance transport of animals or semen. Genetic distances between PRRSV isolates collected from the same farms at different times increased as the time separating the collection events increased. This result implies rapid movement of new genetic types of PRRSV into and out of farms. PRRSV ORF5 displayed a pattern of third-codon-position diversity bias that was not evident in a geographically comparable sample of pseudorabies virus (a swine alphaherpesvirus) gC gene sequences. This result provides evidence that PRRSV ORF5 is experiencing stabilizing selection against structural novelty. Despite high genetic variability at all geographical levels, PRRSV ORF5 nevertheless contained potentially antigenic regions that were invariant at the amino acid level. These regions should make effective vaccine targets if they prove to be immunogenic.

In vitro inactivation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and pseudorabies virus by slightly acidic electrolyzed water

2013 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Hao ◽  
Zhiqiang Shen ◽  
Jinliang Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Baoming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Electrolyzed Water

scholarly journals Prevalence of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus and Its Coinfection Rate in Heilongjiang Province in China from 2013 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhou ◽  
Yan Pan ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Zifeng Han
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pig Farms

Abstract Background Pseudorabies (PR) is a highly contagious disease affecting a wide range of animals worldwide, which causes great annual economic losses in China. In this study, a total number of 18815 serum samples and 1589 tissue samples were tested by ELISA and PCR, which were collected from 311 intensive pig farms (≥350 sows) located in eight cities in Heilongjiang province. Results Overall, 16.3% and 84.5% serum samples were positive for gE- and gB-specified ELISA, respectively. 17.8% of tissue samples were shown as PCR positive for PRV. The co-infection rates of PRV with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were measured. The rate of PRV co-infected with PRRSV was 36.0% followed by 12.9% with PCV2 and 1.8% with CSFV, respectively. Conclusions These results clearly demonstrate PRV prevalence and its coinfection rate in Heilongjiang province indicating high PR endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides data for further epidemiological investigations and a reference for developing PRV control strategies in this region and in China.

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