Intrahepatic proliferation of ‘naive’ and ‘memory’ T cells during liver allograft rejection: primary immune response within the allograft

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias M. Dollinger ◽  
Sarah E. M. Howie ◽  
John N. Plevris ◽  
Alexandra M. Graham ◽  
Peter C. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Liver Allograft

scholarly journals Activated Effector and Memory T Cells Contribute to Circulating sCD30: Potential Marker for Islet Allograft Rejection

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1798-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Saini ◽  
S. Ramachandran ◽  
A. Nataraju ◽  
N. Benshoff ◽  
W. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Islet Allograft ◽  
Potential Marker

scholarly journals Contribution of Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells to Protective Immunity Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Their Impact on Vaccine Design

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retamal-Díaz ◽  
Covián ◽  
Pacheco ◽  
Castiglione-Matamala ◽  
Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Effective Immune Response ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Worldwide, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiological agent for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). RSV-ALRI is the major cause of hospital admissions in young children, and it can cause in-hospital deaths in children younger than six months old. Therefore, RSV remains one of the pathogens deemed most important for the generation of a vaccine. On the other hand, the effectiveness of a vaccine depends on the development of immunological memory against the pathogenic agent of interest. This memory is achieved by long-lived memory T cells, based on the establishment of an effective immune response to viral infections when subsequent exposures to the pathogen take place. Memory T cells can be classified into three subsets according to their expression of lymphoid homing receptors: central memory cells (TCM), effector memory cells (TEM) and resident memory T cells (TRM). The latter subset consists of cells that are permanently found in non-lymphoid tissues and are capable of recognizing antigens and mounting an effective immune response at those sites. TRM cells activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, thus establishing a robust and rapid response characterized by the production of large amounts of effector molecules. TRM cells can also recognize antigenically unrelated pathogens and trigger an innate-like alarm with the recruitment of other immune cells. It is noteworthy that this rapid and effective immune response induced by TRM cells make these cells an interesting aim in the design of vaccination strategies in order to establish TRM cell populations to prevent respiratory infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of TRM cells, their contribution to the resolution of respiratory viral infections and the induction of TRM cells, which should be considered for the rational design of new vaccines against RSV.

scholarly journals Impact of multiple hits with cognate antigen on memory CD8+ T-cell fate

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiki Takamura
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Memory T Cell ◽  
Cognate Antigen ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cell

Abstract Antigen-driven activation of CD8+ T cells results in the development of a robust anti-pathogen response and ultimately leads to the establishment of long-lived memory T cells. During the primary response, CD8+ T cells interact multiple times with cognate antigen on distinct types of antigen-presenting cells. The timing, location and context of these antigen encounters significantly impact the differentiation programs initiated in the cells. Moderate re-activation in the periphery promotes the establishment of the tissue-resident memory T cells that serve as sentinels at the portal of pathogen entry. Under some circumstances, moderate re-activation of T cells in the periphery can result in the excessive expansion and accumulation of circulatory memory T cells, a process called memory inflation. In contrast, excessive re-activation stimuli generally impede conventional T-cell differentiation programs and can result in T-cell exhaustion. However, these conditions can also elicit a small population of exhausted T cells with a memory-like signature and self-renewal capability that are capable of responding to immunotherapy, and restoration of functional activity. Although it is clear that antigen re-encounter during the primary immune response has a significant impact on memory T-cell development, we still do not understand the molecular details that drive these fate decisions. Here, we review our understanding of how antigen encounters and re-activation events impact the array of memory CD8+ T-cell subsets subsequently generated. Identification of the molecular programs that drive memory T-cell generation will advance the development of new vaccine strategies that elicit high-quality CD8+ T-cell memory.

Activation of gamma delta T cells in the primary immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 244 (4905) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Janis ◽  
S. Kaufmann ◽  
R. Schwartz ◽  
D. Pardoll
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Gamma Delta T Cells ◽  
Gamma Delta

scholarly journals Long-term decrease of CD4+CD45RA+ T cells and impaired primary immune response after post-traumatic splenectomy

1999 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann M. Wolf ◽  
Martha M. Eibl ◽  
Erich Georgi ◽  
Aysen Samstag ◽  
Martin Spatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Post Traumatic

Shaping the CD4+ memory immune response against tuberculosis: the role of antigen persistence, location and multi-functionality

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Ancelet ◽  
Joanna Kirman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Memory T Cell ◽  
Antigen Persistence ◽  
Memory Immune Response

AbstractEffective vaccination against intracellular pathogens, such as tuberculosis (TB), relies on the generation and maintenance of CD4 memory T cells. An incomplete understanding of the memory immune response has hindered the rational design of a new, more effective TB vaccine. This review discusses how the persistence of antigen, the location of memory cells, and their multifunctional ability shape the CD4 memory T cell response against TB.

scholarly journals Role of Memory T Cells in Allograft Rejection and Tolerance

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Benichou ◽  
Bruno Gonzalez ◽  
Jose Marino ◽  
Katayoun Ayasoufi ◽  
Anna Valujskikh
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Memory T Cells

scholarly journals Chimeric Vaccines Designed by Immunoinformatics-Activated Polyfunctional and Memory T Cells That Trigger Protection against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Cristiane Fortes De Brito ◽  
Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz ◽  
Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Thais Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin ◽  
Levi Eduardo Soares Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Immune Response

Many vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been proposed; however, to date, none of them have been efficacious for the human or canine disease. On this basis, the design of leishmaniasis vaccines has been constantly changing, and the use of approaches to select specific epitopes seems to be crucial in this scenario. The ability to predict T cell-specific epitopes makes immunoinformatics an even more necessary approach, as in VL an efficient immune response against the parasite is triggered by T lymphocytes in response to Leishmania spp. immunogenic antigens. Moreover, the success of vaccines depends on the capacity to generate long-lasting memory and polyfunctional cells that are able to eliminate the parasite. In this sense, our study used a combination of different approaches to develop potential chimera candidate vaccines against VL. The first point was to identify the most immunogenic epitopes of Leishmania infantum proteins and construct chimeras composed of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II epitopes. For this, we used immunoinformatics features. Following this, we validated these chimeras in a murine model in a thorough memory study and multifunctionality of T cells that contribute to a better elucidation of the immunological protective mechanisms of polyepitope vaccines (chimera A and B) using multicolor flow cytometry. Our results showed that in silico-designed chimeras can elicit polyfunctional T cells producing T helper (Th)1 cytokines, a strong immune response against Leishmania antigen, and the generation of central and effector memory T cells in the spleen cells of vaccinated animals that was able to reduce the parasite burden in this organ. These findings contribute two potential candidate vaccines against VL that can be used in further studies, and help in this complex field of vaccine development against this challenging parasite.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document