scholarly journals Kidney‐associated brown adipose tissue. Potential relationship to etiology of genetic hypertension in the SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Thomas ◽  
Derina Sweeney ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Laura Breen ◽  
Morton P Printz
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Genetic Hypertension ◽  
Potential Relationship ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals Mutant Wars2 Gene in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Impairs Brown Adipose Tissue Function and Predisposes to Visceral Obesity

2017 ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PRAVENEC ◽  
V. ZÍDEK ◽  
V. LANDA ◽  
P. MLEJNEK ◽  
J. ŠILHAVÝ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Brown Adipose

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism in rodents and possibly also in humans. Identification of genes responsible for BAT function would shed light on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic disturbances. Recent linkage analysis in the BXH/HXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains, derived from Brown Norway (BN) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), identified two closely linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with glucose oxidation and glucose incorporation into BAT lipids in the vicinity of Wars2 (tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase 2 (mitochondrial)) gene on chromosome 2. The SHR harbors L53F WARS2 protein variant that was associated with reduced angiogenesis and Wars2 thus represents a prominent positional candidate gene. In the current study, we validated this candidate as a quantitative trait gene (QTG) using transgenic rescue experiment. SHR-Wars2 transgenic rats with wild type Wars2 gene when compared to SHR, showed more efficient mitochondrial proteosynthesis and increased mitochondrial respiration, which was associated with increased glucose oxidation and incorporation into BAT lipids, and with reduced weight of visceral fat. Correlation analyses in RI strains showed that increased activity of BAT was associated with amelioration of insulin resistance in muscle and white adipose tissue. In summary, these results demonstrate important role of Wars2 gene in regulating BAT function and consequently lipid and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Novel acute stressor effects on interscapular brown adipose tissue sympathetic inervation and UCP-1 content in chronically isolated and spontaneously hypertensive rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Iva Lakic ◽  
Tamara Drenca ◽  
Jelena Djordjevic ◽  
P. Vujovic ◽  
N. Jasnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Brown Adipose

Interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) is an energy storing organ involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in stress conditions when the balance of energy supplies is disturbed. The major regulator of IBAT activity is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Since genetic background is responsible for the individual differences in neuroendocrine stress responsivity, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that have a genetically increased general sympathetic output are a useful model for studying adaptive processes in stress conditions. Our aim was to test the effect of acute and/or chronic exposure to various stressors (thermal-cold, psychophysical-immobilization and psychosocial-isolation) on IBAT SNS and the metabolic activity in SHR, by measuring the number of monoamine-containing nerve endings and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) content. The obtained results show that the IBAT SNS activity of unstressed SHR was stimulated by the administration of a single acute or chronic stressor and was independent of the duration or type of stressor, while chronic pre-stress of isolation suppressed further the SNS reaction to novel acute stress exposure. The IBAT UCP-1 content followed SNS changes, suggesting that this system is dominant in the regulation of IBAT metabolic rate in SHR.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

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