Association between Alcohol Use and Smoking in Adolescent and Young Adult Twins

The genetic and environmental contributions of negative valence systems (NVS) to internalizing pathways study (also referred to as the Adolescent and Young Adult Twin Study) was designed to examine varying constructs of the NVS as they relate to the development of internalizing disorders from a genetically informed perspective. The goal of this study was to evaluate genetic and environmental contributions to potential psychiatric endophenotypes that contribute to internalizing psychopathology by studying adolescent and young adult twins longitudinally over a 2-year period. This report details the sample characteristics, study design, and methodology of this study. The first wave of data collection (i.e., time 1) is complete; the 2-year follow-up (i.e., time 2) is currently underway. A total of 430 twin pairs (N = 860 individual twins; 166 monozygotic pairs; 57.2% female) and 422 parents or legal guardians participated at time 1. Twin participants completed self-report surveys and participated in experimental paradigms to assess processes within the NVS. Additionally, parents completed surveys to report on themselves and their twin children. Findings from this study will help clarify the genetic and environmental influences of the NVS and their association with internalizing risk. The goal of this line of research is to develop methods for early internalizing disorder risk detection.

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Adolescent and young adult antisocial behavior and adult alcohol use disorders: a fourteen-year prospective follow-up in a national survey.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol ◽

10.15288/jsa.2000.61.524 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 524-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

T C Harford ◽

B O Muthén

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Antisocial Behavior ◽

National Survey ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult

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Psychological autopsy studies: The role of alcohol use in adolescent and young adult suicides

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh.2007.19.1.99 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lucas Giner ◽

Juan J Carballo ◽

Julio A Guija ◽

Dahlia Sperling ◽

Maria A Oquendo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Psychological Autopsy

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Genetic and Environmental Covariations Among Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms, Neuroticism, and Extraversion in South Korean Adolescent and Young Adult Twins

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.12.2.142 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 142-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yoon-Mi Hur

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

South Korean ◽

Psychiatric Illnesses ◽

Adult Twins

AbstractA growing literature suggests that personality traits may be endophenotype markers for psychiatric illnesses. Although the phenotypic relationships between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and high neuroticism and low extraversion have been well documented, underlying genetic and environmental contributions to these associations have not been explored previously. Five hundred and twenty-four monozygoitc (MZ) and 228 dizygotic (DZ) pairs of adolescent and young adult twins (aged 13–24 years) drawn from the South Korean Twin Registry completed the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and the Neuroticism and Extraversion scale of the Eysenck Personality Scale by mail. The total score of MOCI (MOCIT) was significantly and positively correlated with Neuroticism (r= .44), but only weakly and negatively related to Extraversion (r= –.10). A trivariate Cholesky model was applied to the data. The additive genetic correlations in the best-fitting model were .51 between Neuroticism and MOCIT and –.17 between Extraversion and MOCIT, suggesting that additive genetic factors that lead to high neuroticism and low extraversion overlap with those genetic factors influencing high OC symptoms. These findings add to the cumulative evidence of the shared genetic etiology for the associations between a personality profile of high neuroticism and low extraversion and mental illnesses.

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Heritability of Hwabyung Symptoms in South Korean Adolescent and Young Adult Twins

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2018.40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 378-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yoon-Mi Hur ◽

Eun-ji Choi ◽

Jong-Woo Kim ◽

Hee-Jeong Jin ◽

Siwoo Lee

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Model Fitting ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Present Sample ◽

South Korean ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

Estimate Heritability ◽

Adult Twins

The present study aimed to estimate heritability of Hwabyung (HB) symptoms in adolescent and young adult twins in South Korea. The sample included 1,601 twins consisting of 143 pairs of monozygotic male (MZM), 67 pairs of dizygotic male (DZM), 295 pairs of monozygotic female (MZF), 114 pairs of dizygotic female (DZF), and 117 pairs of opposite-sex dizygotic (OSDZ) twins and 129 twins with non-participating co-twins (mean age = 19.1 ± 3.1 years; range: 12–29 years). An HB symptom questionnaire was given to twins via a telephone interview. Consistent with the literature of HB, the mean level of HB was significantly higher in females than in males. Maximum likelihood twin correlations for HB were 0.31 (95% CI [0.16, 0.45]) for MZM, 0.19 (95% CI [-0.05, 0.41]) for DZM, 0.50 (95% CI [0.41, 0.58]) for MZF, 0.28 (95% CI [0.11, 0.44]) for DZF, and 0.23 (95% CI [0.05, 0.40]) for OSDZ twins. These patterns of twin correlations suggested the presence of additive genetic influences on HB. Model-fitting analysis showed that additive genetic and individual-specific environmental influences on HB were 44% (95% CI [37, 51]) and 56% (95% CI [49, 63]), respectively. Shared environmental influences were not significant. These parameter estimates were not significantly different between two sexes, and did not change significantly with age in the present sample, suggesting that genetic and environmental influences on HB in both sexes are stable across adolescence and young adulthood.

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Nonadditive Genetic Effects on Hostility in South Korean Adolescent and Young Adult Twins

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.9.5.637 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 637-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yoon-Mi Hur

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Twin Studies ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Human Populations ◽

South Korean ◽

Best Fitting ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

Korean Adolescent ◽

Adult Twins ◽

Hostility Scale

AbstractHostility has been shown to be a vulnerability marker for various health problems. The present study examined genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in hostility in South Korean adolescent and young adult twins. Seven hundred and nineteen same- and opposite-sex twin pairs aged from 13 to 23 years completed a hostility scale. The scalar sex-limitation model was applied to the data. The best fitting model indicated that 34% of the total variation of hostility was attributable to genetic factors operating in a nonadditive manner. The remaining 66% of the variance was associated with nonshared environmental influences and measurement error. These findings were largely consistent with results from previous twin studies of personality based on Caucasian twins, rendering support for the pervasive influence of genetic non-additivity on human personality traits and the generalization of the heritability of personality across human populations.

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Relative risks of adolescent and young adult alcohol use: The role of drinking fathers, mothers, siblings, and friends

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.04.015 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Ron H.J. Scholte ◽

Evelien A.P. Poelen ◽

Gonneke Willemsen ◽

Dorret I. Boomsma ◽

Rutger C.M.E. Engels

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Relative Risks

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Genetic co-morbidity between neuroticism, anxiety/depression and somatic distress in a population sample of adolescent and young adult twins

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291711002431 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1249-1260 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

N. K. Hansell ◽

M. J. Wright ◽

S. E. Medland ◽

T. A. Davenport ◽

N. R. Wray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Somatic Symptoms ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Somatic Health ◽

Somatic Distress ◽

Health Report ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Genetic Source ◽

Adult Twins ◽

Anxiety Depression

BackgroundGenetic studies in adults indicate that genes influencing the personality trait of neuroticism account for substantial genetic variance in anxiety and depression and in somatic health. Here, we examine for the first time the factors underlying the relationship between neuroticism and anxiety/depressive and somatic symptoms during adolescence.MethodThe Somatic and Psychological Health Report (SPHERE) assessed symptoms of anxiety/depression (PSYCH-14) and somatic distress (SOMA-10) in 2459 adolescent and young adult twins [1168 complete pairs (35.4% monozygotic, 53% female)] aged 12–25 years (mean=15.5±2.9). Differences between boys and girls across adolescence were explored for neuroticism, SPHERE-34, and the subscales PSYCH-14 and SOMA-10. Trivariate analyses partitioned sources of covariance in neuroticism, PSYCH-14 and SOMA-10.ResultsGirls scored higher than boys on both neuroticism and SPHERE, with SPHERE scores for girls increasing slightly over time, whereas scores for boys decreased or were unchanged. Neuroticism and SPHERE scores were strongly influenced by genetic factors [heritability (h2)=40–52%]. A common genetic source influenced neuroticism, PSYCH-14 and SOMA-10 (impacting PSYCH-14 more than SOMA-10). A further genetic source, independent of neuroticism, accounted for covariation specific to PSYCH-14 and SOMA-10. Environmental influences were largely specific to each measure.ConclusionsIn adolescence, genetic risk factors indexed by neuroticism contribute substantially to anxiety/depression and, to a lesser extent, perceived somatic health. Additional genetic covariation between anxiety/depressive and somatic symptoms, independent of neuroticism, had greatest influence on somatic distress, where it was equal in influence to the factor shared with neuroticism.

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