Estimasi Nilai Heritabilitas Lingkar Dada dan Panjang Badan pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah di BPTU dan HPT Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan

Evaluation in standardization really needs to be carried out, including whether the livestock is in accordance with the SNI vital statistics standard (Indonesian national standard). The purpose of the study was to estimate heritability and breeding values of body weight and vital statistics in Etawah Grade (PE) goats in BPTU and HPT Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan. The material used were the performance records of 220 PE goats, offsprings of 35 males and 71 females. The variables measured were body length and chest girth at birth, weaning, and 1 year of age. Variance componenet were analyzed using variance analysisrade. Heritability was estimated using the paternal half-sib correlation method by applying SPSS software. Breeding value was estimated using the progeny test model. The highest breeding value on body length at birth, at weaning age and at 1 year of age were sire 3315 KK, sire 4093 OK, and sire 4007 OK, respectively. The highest breeding Value on chest girth at birth, weaning age and 1 year of age were sire 3983 HH, 3315 HH, and 3971 HH. The conclusion of this study were the heritability for body weight were categorized high and for statistic vital were varied from medium to high value.

Genetic Analysis of the Fatty Acid Profile in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

The gilthead seabream is one of the most valuable species in the Mediterranean basin both for fisheries and aquaculture. Marine fish, such as gilthead seabream, are a source of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, highly appreciated for human food owing to their benefits on the cardiovascular and immune systems. The aim of the present study was to estimate heritability for fatty acid (FA) profile in fillet gilthead seabream to be considered as a strategy of a selective breeding program. Total of 399 fish, from a broodstock Mediterranean Sea, were analysed for growth, flesh composition and FA profile. Heritabilities for growth traits, and flesh composition (fat, protein, and moisture content) were medium. Heritability was moderate for 14:0, 16:0 and 18:1n9 and for sum of monounsaturated FA and n6/n3 ratio, and it was low for 20:1n11 and 22:6n3 and the ratio unsaturated/saturated FA. Breeding programs in gilthead seabream usually include growth as the first criterion in the selection process of the fish. However, other quality traits, such as fillet fat content and its fatty acids profile should be considered, since they are very important traits for the consumer, from a nutritional point of view and the benefits for the health.

Genetic Diversity, Correlations and Path Coefficient Analysis among the F5 Populations of Brassica Species

The present study was carried out to estimate heritability, genetic variability, correlation and genetic advance among F5 populations of ten genotypes in Brassica species. This study was executed following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during November 2017 to February 2018 at the experimental field of College of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Aim of the research was to evaluate and select the best segregating genotypes for the yield and yield contributing traits towards variety development programs. Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes were significantly different for all the characters studied. The relative phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. The high GCV value was observed for the days to 50% flowering (FF), plant height (PH), primary branches per plant (PBP), pod per plant (PP) and seed yield per plant (SYP) that indicated a high broad-sense heritability. A significant positive correlation with seed yield per plant was found in days to 50% flowering (0.578**), the plant height, (0.787**), pod length (PL) (0.406*), seeds per plant (SP) (0.369*), pod per plant (0.697**) and hundred seeds weight (HSW) (0.500**), but significantly negative correlation found in primary branches per plant (-0.046*). The results of path coefficient analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering (0.287), plant height (0.407), pod length (0.919), seeds per plant (0.033), pod per plant (0.035) and hundred seeds weight (0.795) had a positive direct impact on seed yield per plant and thus it was indicated that these traits could be exploited for the enhancement of yield performance of Brassica species. This study showed that based on the agronomic performance execution, genotypes G2, G5, G6 and G8 might be proposed for future hybridization programs in Bangladesh followed by variety development activities.

Heritability, genetic gain, and correlations in cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata [L.] (Walp.)

Cowpea beans are the most important legume in the Caribbean region of Colombia. This grain is produced mainly by small farmers in rural agriculture but is becoming more important every year for commercial agriculture. The objective of this study was to estimate heritability, genetic gain and correlations between agronomic characteristics and the nutritional content of 30 cowpea bean cultivars. The number of days to flowering (NDF), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of pods per peduncle (NPPE), peduncle length (PEL), number of nodes on main stem (NNMS), grain length (GL), grain width (GW), weight of 100 seeds (W100S), iron content (FeC), zinc content (ZnC), protein content in percentage (PROT) and YIELD were evaluated. Likewise, the genetic parameters: phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), variability index (b), heritability [(h2 (%)], genetic gain (GG) and genetic progress (%), together with phenotypic correlations and genetic correlations, were determined. Genetic variability was evidenced in the population (P<0.05), except for PEL. The highest heritability was in W100S, ZnC and FeC (h2A> 96%). The greatest advance was achieved in ZnC, FeC, W100S and YIELD, with values higher than 30%, indicating the potential use of the evaluated genotypes for improving this species and positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations between YIELD and PROT. Therefore, cultivars with higher yields and protein contents can be obtained.

Estimating Heritability of Glycaemic Response to Metformin using Nationwide Electronic Health Records and Population-Sized Pedigree

Variability of response to medication is a well known phenomenon, determined by both environmental and genetic factors. Understanding the heritable component of the response to medication is of great interest but challenging due to several reasons, including small study cohorts and computational limitations. Here, we studied the heritability of variation in the glycaemic response to metformin, first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes (T2D), by leveraging 17 years of electronic health records (EHR) data from Israel’s largest healthcare service provider, consisting of over five million patients of diverse ethnicities and socio-economic background. Our cohort consisted of 74,871 T2D patients treated with metformin, with an accumulated number of 1,358,776 HbA1C measurements and 323,260 metformin prescriptions. We estimated the explained variance of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) reduction due to heritability by constructing a six-generation population-size pedigree from national registries and linking it to medical health records. Using Linear Mixed Model-based framework, a common-practice method for heritability estimation, we calculated a heritability measure of h2 = 15.9% (95% CI, 1.2% − 30.5%) for absolute reduction of HbA1c% after metformin treatment in males and h2 = 20.9% (95% CI, 7.5% − 34.3%) in females. Results remained unchanged after adjusting for pre-treatment HbA1c% in females, and for both genders in proportional reduction of HbA1c%. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to estimate heritability of drug response using EHR data. We demonstrated that while response to metformin treatment has a heritable component, most of the variation is likely due to other factors, further motivating non-genetic analyses aimed at unraveling metformin’s mechanism of action.

Estimation of heritability and repeatability for pre-weaning body weights of domestic rabbits raised in the humid tropics

Heritability and repeatability estimates are needed for the genetic evaluation of livestock populations and consequently for the purpose of upgrading or improvement. Pooled data on 302 progenies from three consecutive parities of purebred rabbit breeds (Chinchilla, Dutch and New Zealand white) raised in Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria were used to estimate heritability and repeatability for pre-weaning body weights between 1st and 8th week of age. The experiment was carried out at the Rabbitry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Traits studied include: Kit Weight at birth (KWB), 2nd week (K2W), 4th week (K4W), 6th week (K6W) and 8th week (K8W). Nested random effects analysis of (Co) variance as described by Statistical Analysis system (SAS) were employed in the estimations. Respective heritability estimates from the sire component (h2S ) and repeatability (R) as intra-class correlations of repeated measurements from the three parities for KWB, K2W, K4W and K8W were 0.59±0.24, 0.55±0.24, 0.93±0.31, 0.28±0.17, 0.64±0.26 and 0.12±0.14, 0.05±0.14, 0.58±0.02, 0.60±0.11, 0.20±0.14. Heritability and repeatability (except R for KWB and K2W) estimates are moderate to high. In conclusion, since pre-weaning body weights in the present study tended to be moderately to highly heritable and repeatable, hence, improvement of rabbits raised in derived savanna zone can be realized through genetic selection criterions.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Cayenne Peppers (Capsicum Annuum L.) from IPB University for Its Resistance Against Begomoviruses in Aceh

The productivity of pepper plants is strongly influenced by climatic and weather conditions as well as pests and diseases. One of the major losses in chili farming is the pest attack, such as whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), a virus vector. Evaluation of the resistance of pepper plant germplasm against Begomovirus infection needs to be carried out, evaluate genetic diversity, estimate heritability values, and obtain a selection character for the resistance of chili plants Begomovirus. This research was conducted at Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, and the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala from January to May 2020. Three varieties Gada, Anies and Selekta with seven test genotypes i.e F6 Gada, Seloka 4-10-2-2, F5136074-1-4-3, F5074136-2-3-2, F5074035-2-1-2, F5074035-2-4-2, F5074077-1-1-3 were screened for their resistance against Begomovirus. This study was designed using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) and scoring parameter Begomovirus symptom. Tukey’s HSD, the standard deviation of genetic variance, heritability, and correlation were performed to analyze the data. The lowest disease intensity occurred in genotype F6 Gada with a percentage of 12.08% disease intensity (slightly resistant), and the highest level of disease intensity occurred in F5074035-2-4-2 with a percentage of 30.94% (susceptible). Variables symptom scoring, disease intensity, and incubation period were the most effective variables for selecting pepper resistance against Begomovirus infection based on broad-sense heritability values.

Estimating Heritability of Glycaemic Response to Metformin using Nationwide Electronic Health Records and Population-Sized Pedigree

Variability of response to medication is a well known phenomenon, determined by both environmental and genetic factors. Understanding the heritable component of the response to medication is of great interest but challenging due to several reasons, including small study cohorts and computational limitations. Here, we studied the heritability of variation in the glycaemic response to metformin, first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes (T2D), by leveraging 17 years of electronic health records (EHR) data from Israel's largest healthcare service provider, consisting of over five million patients of diverse ethnicities and socio-economic background. Our cohort consisted of 74,871 T2D patients treated with metformin, with an accumulated number of 1,358,776 HbA1C measurements and 323,260 metformin prescriptions. We estimated the explained variance of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) reduction due to heritability by constructing a six-generation population-size pedigree from national registries and linking it to medical health records. Using a Linear Mixed Model-based framework, a common-practice method for heritability estimation, we calculated a heritability measure of h2=10.5% (95% CI, 3.5%-17.5%) for absolute reduction of HbA1c % after metformin treatment, which remained unchanged after adjusting for pre-treatment HbA1c%, and h2=12.2% (95% CI, 5.2%-19.3%) for proportional reduction in HbA1c %. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to estimate heritability of drug response using EHR data. We demonstrated that while response to metformin treatment has a heritable component, most of the variation is likely due to other factors, further motivating non-genetic analyses aimed at unraveling metformin's mechanism of action.

Adaption potential of Crassostrea gigas to ocean acidification and disease caused by Vibrio harveyi

The survival and development of bivalve larvae is adversely impacted by ocean acidification and Vibrio infection, indicating that bivalves need to simultaneously adapt to both stressors associated with anthropogenic climate change. In this study, we use a half-dial breeding design to estimate heritability (h2) for survival to Vibrio harveyi infection and larval shell length to aragonite undersaturated and normal conditions in laboratory-reared Crassostrea gigas. Phenotypic differences were observed between families for these traits with heritability estimated to be moderate for survival to V. harveyi challenge (h2 = 0.25) and low for shell length in corrosive (Ωaragonite = 0.9, h2 = 0.15) and normal conditions (Ωaragonite = 1.6, h2 = 0.15). Predicted breeding values for larval shell length are correlated between aragonite-undersaturated and normal conditions (Spearman r = 0.63, p &lt; 0.05), indicating that larger larvae tend to do better in corrosive seawater. Aquaculture hatcheries routinely cull slow-growing larvae to reduce and synchronize time taken for larvae to metamorphose to spat, thus inadvertently applying size-related selection for larger larvae. This indirect selection in the hatchery populations provides a plausible explanation why domesticated oyster populations are less sensitive to ocean acidification.