Pharmacokinetic study of three synthetic AT-binding pentasaccharides in various animal species-extrapolation to humans

There are conflicting reports regarding some fine structural details of arteries from several animal species. Buck denied the existence of a sub-endothelial space, while Karrer and Keech described a space of variable width which separates the endothelium from the underlying internal elastic lamina in aortas of aging rats and mice respectively.The present communication deals with the ultrastrueture of the interface between the endothelial cell layer and the internal elastic lamina as observed in carotid arteries from rabbits of varying ages.

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Ultrastructure and Drug Metabolism in the Developing Guinea Pig

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100073131 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 538-539

Author(s):

W. Kuenzig ◽

M. Boublik ◽

J.J. Kamm ◽

J.J. Burns

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Animal Species ◽

Adult Animal ◽

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Mixed Function Oxidase ◽

Cytochrome P 450 ◽

Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase ◽

Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

Unlike a variety of other animal species, such as the rabbit, mouse or rat, the guinea pig has a relatively long gestation period and is a more fully developed animal at birth. Kuenzig et al. reported that drug metabolic activity which increases very slowly during fetal life, increases rapidly after birth. Hepatocytes of a 3-day old neonate metabolize drugs and reduce cytochrome P-450 at a rate comparable to that observed in the adult animal. Moreover the administration of drugs like phenobarbital to pregnant guinea pigs increases the microsomal mixed function oxidase activity already in the fetus.Drug metabolic activity is, generally, localized within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the hepatocyte.

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Further Studies on the Ultrastructure of Harderian Gland in Adult Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051451 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 288-289

Author(s):

Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽

Guadalupe Tapia-Arizmendi

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Domestic Fowl ◽

Animal Species ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

Harderian Gland ◽

Myoepithelial Cells ◽

The Other ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Cell Components

The fine structure of the Harderian gland has been described in some animal species (hamster, rabbit, mouse, domestic fowl and albino rats). There are only two reports in the literature dealing on the ultrastructure of rat Harderian gland in adult animals. In one of them the author describes the myoepithelial cells in methacrylate-embbeded tissue, and the other deals with the maturation of the acinar cells and the formation of the secretory droplets. The aim of the present work is to analize the relationships among the acinar cell components and to describe the two types of cells located at the perifery of the acini.

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A comparative pharmacokinetic study of three different ulcerative colitis medications: Balsalazide, mesalamine and sulfasalazine

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)82248-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A453-A453

Author(s):

J GREEN ◽

J RIDDELL ◽

J ALLEN ◽

L JOHNSON

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Pharmacokinetic Study ◽

Comparative Pharmacokinetic

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Abstract #64: A Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Metformin Hydrochloride Oral Solution (100 mg/mL) in Healthy Adult Male Patients Under Fasting, Low-Fat, and High-fat Meal Conditions

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)46341-4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Kiran Marthak

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Pharmacokinetic Study ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Oral Solution ◽

Metformin Hydrochloride ◽

High Fat ◽

Comparative Pharmacokinetic ◽

Healthy Adult Male ◽

Male Patients ◽

Fat Meal

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The Contribution of Pavlov's Typology of CNS Properties to Personality Research

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.2.2.125 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 125-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jan Strelau

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Former Soviet Union ◽

Animal Species ◽

Special Significance ◽

The West ◽

Personality Dimensions ◽

Personality Research ◽

Personality Theories ◽

Strength Of Excitation ◽

Point Of Departure

This paper presents Pavlov's contribution to the development of biological-oriented personality theories. Taking a short description of Pavlov's typology of central nervous system (CNS) properties as a point of departure, it shows how, and to what extent, this typology influenced further research in the former Soviet Union as well as in the West. Of special significance for the development of biologically oriented personality dimensions was the conditioned reflex paradigm introduced by Pavlov for studying individual differences in dogs. This paradigm was used by Russian psychologists in research on types of nervous systems conducted in different animal species as well as for assessing temperament in children and adults. Also, personality psychologists in the West, such as Eysenck, Spence, and Gray, incorporated the CR paradigm into their theories. Among the basic properties of excitation and inhibition on which Pavlov's typology was based, strength of excitation and the basic indicator of this property, protective inhibition, gained the highest popularity in arousaloriented personality theories. Many studies have been conducted in which the Pavlovian constructs of CNS properties have been related to different personality dimensions. In current research the behavioral expressions of the Pavlovian constructs of strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, and mobility of nervous processes as measured by the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) have been related to over a dozen of personality dimensions, mostly referring to temperament.

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Animals as Social Objects

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000268 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 206-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Verónica Sevillano ◽

Susan T. Fiske

Keyword(s):

Social Perception ◽

Animal Species ◽

Social Groups ◽

Social Responses ◽

Content Model ◽

Stereotype Content ◽

Nonhuman Animals ◽

Behavioral Tendencies ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Sphere Of Influence

Abstract. Nonhuman animals are typically excluded from the scope of social psychology. This article presents animals as social objects – targets of human social responses – overviewing the similarities and differences with human targets. The focus here is on perceiving animal species as social groups. Reflecting the two fundamental dimensions of humans’ social cognition – perceived warmth (benign or ill intent) and competence (high or low ability), proposed within the Stereotype Content Model ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ) – animal stereotypes are identified, together with associated prejudices and behavioral tendencies. In line with human intergroup threats, both realistic and symbolic threats associated with animals are reviewed. As a whole, animals appear to be social perception targets within the human sphere of influence and a valid topic for research.

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