Incomplete mixing of drugs in intravenous infusions

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. LEIGH THOMPSON ◽  
TERRY DRUMHELLER FEER
1954 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Dale Beamer ◽  
J.E. Thomas ◽  
Beatrice Moore

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
M. Truett Garrett ◽  
Zaki Ahmad ◽  
Shelly Young

The recent requirements by U.S.E.P.A. for dechlorination and biomonitoring have increased the importance of automatic control of effluent chlorination in wastewater treatment plants. Difficulties with the Ziegler-Nichols controller tuning procedure were reported at the Kyoto Workshop, 1990. Problems are caused by the noise of incomplete mixing, a long time constant, and the disturbances of changing flow and chlorine demand. The Astrom-Hagglund relay feedback procedure provides acceptable control while data is logged to determine the controller constants. Experiences in using the procedure in existing facilities (not redesigning the mixing point) and the quality of control are presented.


2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982198916
Author(s):  
Ton Van Boxtel ◽  
Mauro Pittiruti ◽  
Annemarie Arkema ◽  
Patrick Ball ◽  
Giovanni Barone ◽  
...  

The need for filtering intravenous infusions has long been recognized in the field of venous access, though hard scientific evidence about the actual indications for in-line filters has been scarce. In the last few years, several papers and a few clinical studies have raised again this issue, suggesting that the time has come for a proper definition of the type of filtration, of its potential benefit, and of its proper indications in clinical practice. The WoCoVA Foundation, whose goal is to increase the global awareness on the risk of intravenous access and on patients’ safety, developed the project of a consensus on intravenous filtration. A panel of experts in different aspects of intravenous infusion was chosen to express the current state of knowledge about filtration and to indicate the direction of future research in this field. The present document reports the final conclusions of the panel.


1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ruggieri ◽  
Fabrizio Stocchi ◽  
Angelico Carta ◽  
Daniele Bravi ◽  
Maura Bragoni ◽  
...  

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1180-1180

Rational treatment of eclampsia, according to Wilson's opinion, based on chemical studies of blood, should be to strengthen the ability of the latter to bind CO2. To this end, he recommends intravenous infusions of soda solution and glucose.


1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 53-56

In hospital drugs are often given in intravenous infusions, and some of the problems involved are insufficiently recognised. A drug may be unstable in solution in the infusion fluid and lose activity rapidly, or it may be incompatible with the infusion fluid or with another drug added to it.


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