COVID -19: REPLICATION INHIBITORS AS PROMISING THERAPY FOR SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS

COVID-19 is unprecedented pandemic threading the mankind existence in the recent time, with globally reported (256,966,237) confirmed cases, including (5,151,643) death, as of 22 of November 2021(WHO. 2021). The COVID-19 vaccine doses administered globally were (7,408,870,760) doses as of 22 of November 2021 (WHO. 2021). Strategy to face this serious threat include prevention of getting infection and rational treatment of symptomatic infected ones. Treatment can adopt one or all of the three strategies; prohibiting the virus from entry into the human cells, halt replication of the virus inside the human cells, and neutralizing the inflammatory and other effects of the virus pathogencity. Replication inhibitors are important tool in the tools box against COVID-19, however they are not substitute for vaccination against COVID-19 and other adopted preventive measurements. Still prevention is the best medicine for any disease. The aim of this review is to further explore the replication inhibitors as emerging tools for treatment of symptomatic cases of COVID-19. Many encouraging results have emerged from recent clinical trials. This may help to bridge the gap in existence knowledge and stimulate further discussion to enhance conducting more clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 and repurpose already existing other viral replicating indictors for treatment of COVID-19. Remdesivir, Molnupiravir and Paxlovid are promising viral replicating inhibitors drugs for treatment of symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Since Molnupiravir and Paxlovid are given orally as five days short course, are significantly of great value for low-income countries

Zooming in on the cell biology of disease

Today’s cell biology could be considered a fusion of disciplines that blends advanced genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and engineering to answer fundamental as well as medically relevant scientific questions. Accordingly, our understanding of diseases is greatly aided by an existing vast knowledge base of fundamental cell biology. Gunter Blobel captured this concept when he said, “the tremendous acquisition of basic knowledge will allow a much more rational treatment of cancer, viral infection, degenerative disease and mental disease.” In other words, without cell biology can we truly understand, prevent, or effectively treat a disease?

Evaluasi Manajemen Pengelolaan Obatdi Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Tipe C Se-Kabupaten Tegal Tahun 2021

Drug logistics management plays an important role in improving pharmaceutical services in hospital pharmacy installations and is one of the aspects to determine the success of rational treatment programs in hospitals. This study aims to determine the implementation of pharmaceutical preparation service standards in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Services Standards in Hospitals in 2019. The method used in this study is descriptive using a total sampling technique of 42 respondents with an average age of 26-35 years. who are female and male with the last education of the pharmacist profession. The results of the evaluation of this study are that the management of drug logistics in type C hospitals throughout Tegal Regency in the process of selecting, receiving, storing, distributing and controlling is appropriate (100%), planning needs according to (90.5%), destruction according to (97, 6%) and administration in accordance with (81%) Technical Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Services Standards in Hospitals in 2019Keywords: Management; Drug Logistics; Evaluation AbstrakManajemen pengelolaan logistic obat sangatlah berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kefarmasian di Instalasi farmasi rumah sakit dan salah satu aspek untuk menentukan suksesnya program pengobatan secara rasional di Rumah Sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan standard pelayanan pengelolaan sediaan farmasi yang sesuai dengan Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Rumah Sakit Tahun 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling sebanyak 42 responden dengan rata-rata berusia 26-35 tahun yang berjenis kelamin perempuan dan laki-laki dengan berpendidikan terakhir profesi apoteker. Hasil evaluasi dari penelitian ini bahwa pengelolaan logistic obat di rumah sakit tipe C se-Kabupaten Tegal dalam proses pemilihan, penerimaan, penyimpanan, pendistribusian dan pengendaliansesuai (100%), perencanaan kebutuhan sesuai (90,5%), pemusnahan sesuai (97,6%) dan administrasi sesuai (81%) Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit Tahun 2019.Kata kunci: Manajemen; Logistik Obat; Evaluasi

The Unprescence of China’s COVID-19 Trauma and Its Impact on Social Identity

In the psychology and literary fields, the theoretical study of trauma has received increasing attention. It is widely applied by experts and scholars across various aspects, such as war, gender and so on. To give it more practical significance, the main object of this study is to investigate the modern use of trauma by connecting it to the topic of a nation. China, the country first plagued by COVID-19—a representative modern trauma—has suffered not only physically but also mentally. This paper will analyze how trauma affects a nation by using classical theories on trauma, such as those from Sigmund Freud and Cathy Caruth. In terms of national collective trauma, new theories from Roger Luckhurst and Jeffrey C. Alexander would also be adopted. To achieve the sophisticated link between trauma and nation, the unprescence of trauma and its social identity threat to China are further discussed as main parts of this essay. This research will encourage a more rational treatment of collective trauma sufferers and calls for the realistic and practical use of the literary trauma theory.

Features of the decidualized endometriosis diagnosis and course during pregnancy

Currently, surgical treatment aimed to exclude the malignant ovarian tumors is performed in almost 90% of patients with decidualized endometrial cysts (DEC). However, unnecessary surgical interventions increase the risk to maternal and fetal health. The study was aimed to perform a differential diagnosis of DEC in pregnant women in order to define the rational treatment. A total of 82 female patients were included in the study: 63 had endometrial cysts (EC), 16 had DEC, 3 had rare forms of endometriosis, and 10 had ovarian serous papillary borderline tumors. When performing the diagnostic ultrasound, our proposed model was used. The ultrasound imaging data obtained were juxtaposed with the concentration of the protein tumor markers (СА-125), the risk of malignancy index (RMI) was calculated, and the morphological assessment of the masses was performed. The ultrasound imaging parameters, being the most valuable for differential diagnosis of EC, DEC, and serous borderline tumors, were as follows: the altered mass wall thickness, the existence and shape of papillary masses, avascular echogenic inclusions with blurry contour, blood circulation and arrangement of blood vessels, ascites. The frequency analysis revealed the differences between groups based on the ultrasound imaging data (in 60–100% of observations). Histological examination revealed the differences between groups in 100% of observations. Our findings have made it impossible to prolong pregnancy in patients with DEC without performing surgery. The results of treatment provided to patients with DEC during pregnancy were worse compared to those in patients with no prominent decidualization in ovarian EC. Today, the diagnosis of DEC and the treatment of patients during pregnancy remain unsophisticated. Further clinical observation and the search for more reliable methods of the diagnosis and rational treatment of pregnant women with DEC are required.

Glaucoma and Dry Eye

Glaucoma treatment is closely related to the appearance or worsening of dry eye symptoms. The current topical treatment produces chronic inflammation that affects globet cells, meibomian glands and cornea, which translates into a decrease in the quantity and quality of the tear. It is characterized by increased osmolarity, which perpetuates damage to the ocular surface. Preservatives currently play a fundamental role in damage the ocular surface. There are numerous studies that have shown their toxic effects on the eye. Currently there are numerous preservative-free formulations and new therapies that allow us to improve the condition of the ocular surface in patients with glaucoma. A rational treatment is proposed using the different approaches available in the literature.

To the quantitative determination of sugar in urine

For the rational treatment of diabetes, a daily quantitative study of the diabetic's urine for sugar content is necessary in order to be able to judge the effect of one or another diet and develop a treatment plan accordingly.

THE USE OF ACYCLOVIR, MEDOVIR FOR COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HERPETIC LESIONS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA

Несвоевременная диагностика и отсутствие рациональной терапии герпетической инфекции приводит к хронической сенсибилизации организма, на что указывает увеличение в крови у этих больных титра антител против в ируса простого герпеса в 5-9 раз.Причиной развития герпетической инфекции является вирус простого герпеса, который после попадания в организм человека может вызывать поражения кожи, глаз, слизистых оболочек, нервной системы, сердечнососудистой системы. Поэтому, как могут быть многоликими проявления герпетической инфекции герпеса.Выводы: После аппликации препаратами эрозивные элементы эпителизировались в течение 4 дней, а в контрольной группе эпителий формировался в течение 8 дней. В течение 3 месяцев под наблюдением у этих больных рецидив заболевания не наблюдался, ИФА была выявлена путем обследования титр Ig G снижен в 2,75 раза.Вместе с тем улучшилось общее состояние больных, сократился и период подписки патологических элементов, удлинился период ремиссии и у больных улучшилось настроение, повысилась жизнелюбие, повысилась мотивация к работе. Untimely diagnosis and lack of rational treatment of herpes infection leads to chronic sensitization of the body, as indicated by an increase in the blood titer of antibodies against herpes simplex virus in these patients by 5-9 times.The cause of the development of herpetic infection is the herpes simplex virus, which, after entering the human body, can cause damage to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Therefore, how can there be many manifestations of herpes infection herpes.Results and conclusions: After application with drugs, erosive elements were epithelized for 4 days, and in the control group, epithelium was formed for 8 days.For 3 months of observation, there was no relapse of the disease in these patients, Elisa was detected by examination it was noted that the IG G titer decreased by 2.75 times.At the same time, the general condition of patients has improved, the period of recovery of pathological elements of the USP has also decreased, the period of remission has been extended, and the mood of patients has improved, their enthusiasm for life has increased, and their motivation to work has increased.

CLASSIFICFTION AND MECHANISM OF ACROMIAL-CLAVICULAR JOINT DAMAGE

В статье приведены современные классификации повреждений акромиально-ключичного сочленения, а также механизм их возникновения. Современные классификации должны учитывать степень повреждения связочного аппарата, вид смещения ключицы и морфологические изменения, происходящие в окружающих тканях АКС и плечевого пояса. Показаны значения классификации повреждений при выборе рационального лечения повреждений акромиально-ключичного сочленения. Знание механизма повреждения позволяет специалисту прогнозировать характер и тяжесть повреждения структур сустава. Отмечено важность характера травмирующей силы при повреждении акромиально-ключичного сочленения. The article presents modern classifications of injuries of the acromioclavicular joint, as well as the mechanism of their occurrence. Modern classifications should take into account the degree of damage to the ligamentous apparatus, the type of displacement of the clavicle and morphological changes occurring in the surrounding tissues of the ACS and the shoulder girdle. The values of the classification of injuries are shown when choosing a rational treatment for injuries of the acromioclavicular joint. Knowledge of the mechanism of damage allows the specialist to predict the nature and severity of damage to the structures of the joint. The importance of the nature of the traumatic force in case of damage to the acromioclavicular joint is noted.

Rational Use of Medicine in the Treatment of Helminth Infection : A Mini Review

Indonesia still has health problem, especially soil transmitted helminth. These helminths can cause deteriorate health, nutrition, intelligence and productivity of patients so causes a lot of losses economically. The aim of this article is to review the rational treatment of helminth infection. Albendazole, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate are the drugs recommended by the WHO. However, the uses of the three are different, especially for mass treatment or selective medicine. This review conclude that the three drugs are used according to the target patient's age with dosages and preparations that must be adjusted.