Examination of text's lexis using a Polish dictionary

This paper presents an approach to compare and classify books written in the Polish language by comparing their lexis fields. Books can be classified by their features, such as literature type, literary genre, style, author, etc. Using a preassembled dictionary and Jaccard index, we managed to prove a compact hypothesis concerning similar books. Further analysis with the PAM clustering algorithm presented a lexical connection between books of the same type or author. Overall static behaviour of similarities of any particular field on one side and some anomalous tendencies in other cases suggest that recognition of other features is possible. The method presented in this article allows drawing conclusions regarding the connection between any arbitrary books based solely on their vocabulary.

Aksi Penyerangan Non-Player Character (NPC) Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes pada Shooter Game

<p>Aksi penyerangan pada <em>non-player character </em>(NPC) merupakan salah satu substansi penting dalam pembuatan <em>game</em>. Dalam melakukan penyerangan diperlukan strategi khusus agar NPC tidak mudah dikalahkan. Salah satunya adalah adanya variasi serangan terhadap pemain. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengatur penyerangan NPC adalah <em>rulebase</em>. Metode <em>rulebase </em>dapat memberikan variasi serangan sesuai kondisi NPC, namun metode <em>rulebase </em>bisanya menghasilkan <em>behaviour </em>yang statis dan tidak adaptif jika terdapat kondisi baru. AI seperti ini akan mudah diprediksi dan repetitif sehingga menurunkan tingkat tantangan bermain <em>game</em>. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut banyak peneliti yang menggunakan teknik <em>learning</em>. Salah satunya menggunakan metode <em>naïve bayes.</em> Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penerapan metode <em>naïve bayes </em>sebagai strategi penyerangan NPC pada <em>shooter game</em>. Metode <em>naïve bayes </em>digunakan untuk keputusan serangan yang diambil oleh NPC. Adapun parameter yang digunakan untuk keputusan penyerangan adalah nyawa, jarak, jumlah granat, dan jumlah amunisi yang dimiliki NPC. Sedangkan keputusan penyerangan dibagi menjadi serangan tembak, serangan granat, dan serangan pisau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan metode <em>naïve bayes </em>membuat NPC mampu melakukan penyerangan secara otonom jika terdapat kondisi baru dengan akurasi 80%. Penerapan metode <em>naïve bayes </em>juga lebih unggul dalam persentase kemenangan NPC dibanding metode <em>rulebase</em>. Tingkat kemenangan NPC menggunakan metode <em>naïve bayes </em>sebesar 60% sedangkan <em>rulebase </em>sebesar 16%.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>Non-Player Character’s (NPC) attacks behaviour is one important substance in making games. While NPC attacks needs specific strategy to not get defeated easily. One of the NPC attacks strategy is a variation of offense to player. One of the methods to manage the NPC attack strategy is rulebase. Rulebase method can give variations of the NPC attacks according in conditions, but rulebase method usually producing static behaviour and not adaptive where there is new condition. AI like this would easy too predictive and repetitive so that decrease the challenge of playing games. To overcome these problems, we use naïve bayes method. In this study, naïve bayes method are applied as an NPC’s attack strategy to the shooter game. Naïve bayes method used for attack decisions taken by the NPC. The parameters used for the attack’s decision are health point, distance, number of grenades, and number of ammunitions owned by the NPC. While attacks decision is divided into firing attacks, grenade attacks, and melee attacks. The results showed that the use naïve bayes method can attack autonomously if there are new condition with an accuracy of 80%. The implementation of naïve bayes method at NPC more superior than rulebase method in percentage of NPC winning. The NPC win rate uses the naïve bayes method is 60% while the rulebase is 16%.</em><em></em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

FEM modelling of the static behaviour of reinforced concrete beams considering the nonlinear behaviour of the concrete

This paper presents a finite element (FE) method of modelling reinforced concrete beams. The proposed model takes into account the phenomena characteristic of reinforced concrete structures, such as the interaction between two materials (concrete and steel), the cracking caused by mechanical loads and the variation of the Young's modulus under increasing load. A relevant numerical FE analysis was carried out in the ABAQUS system using the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model. The character of Young's modulus variation due to increasing stress intensity level was taken from the author's own research. The results of the FE calculations were compared with the results yielded by the author's numerical bar model.

MENSIOCHRONOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR TIMBER ELEMENTS: LIMITS AND SPECIFICITIES THROUGH A CASE STUDY

In Italy, studies on wooden structural elements in masonry buildings, from the Middle Ages throughout the Modern Age to the twentieth century, are few in number compared to other European countries and present no systematic approach. It is necessary to carry out progressively, but systematically, high-detailed surveys and to correlate them with the existing discontinuous documentation. Diachronic comparisons – referring to significant geographical areas in which evident constructive constants are recognizable – would highlight the variation over time of the models and their diffusion, while the comparison, especially synchronic, between solutions evidently different or apparently similar, would allow to better understand both the constructive choices and their static behaviour. A series of models – including the structural ones – should be elaborated, for directing design in a sector, often seriously flawed, prone to simplification and the introduction of high safety factors essentially motivated by summary and inadequate surveys of the actual situation. It is also interesting to evaluate the application of mensiochronological techniques to the analysis of timber structures, especially floors. The significant measures for dating are various: dimensions and centre distances of beams and joists, width and thickness of the boards, dimension of the accessory elements (e.g. joint laths), but the working processes and tree species have a decisive impact on the measures of the artefacts. Mensiochronological techniques usually detect slow but evident variations; however, a centuries-old constancy is equally significant. More general information about the context is useful, in particular which choices are not determined by mere technical reasons. A better historical knowledge serves to understand the qualities and limitations of existing structures, and the features – including decay – in which they appear. The floors of Palazzo Magio in Cremona, dating from the fifteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century, allow to reflect on how and what to examine.