scholarly journals Decreased Heterogeneity of Capillary Plasma Flow in the Rat Whisker-Barrel Cortex during Functional Hyperemia

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Vogel ◽  
Wolfgang Kuschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Functional Hyperemia ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Mystacial Vibrissae ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group

The pattern of capillary plasma perfusion was investigated in the rat brain during functional activation. Functional hyperemia was induced in the left whisker-barrel cortex by deflection of the right mystacial vibrissae for 2 min at frequencies of 1–7 Hz. Rats were decapitated under anesthesia 3 s after i.v. bolus injection of Evans blue dye. The steep increase of the arterial dye concentration ensures that divergent capillary plasma transit times result in unequal intracapillary dye concentrations. Plasma perfusion heterogeneity was determined from the coefficient of variation (CV) of Evans blue concentrations measured in numerous single capillaries of the whisker-barrel cortex. Functional hyperemia was quantified from measurements of CBF using the [14C]-iodoantipyrine technique in a second experimental group. CBF in the left whisker-barrel cortex increased with the stimulation frequency and was maximal at 5 Hz compared to the right side. Conversely, plasma perfusion heterogeneity decreased with stimulation frequency in a reciprocal way, being minimal at 5 Hz. Results indicate a decrease in the microcirculatory flow heterogeneity during functional hyperemia in the brain.

Parallel changes of blood flow and heterogeneity of capillary plasma perfusion in rat brains during hypocapnia

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. H1441-H1445
Author(s):  
J. Vogel ◽  
R. Abounader ◽  
H. Schrock ◽  
K. Zeller ◽  
R. Duelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Brain Capillary ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group

Plasma perfusion patterns were investigated in brain capillaries during decreased cerebral blood flow induced by hyperventilation. Anesthetized rats were decapitated 3-4 s after being given an intravenous bolus injection of Evans blue dye. the measured steep increase of the arterial dye concentration at this moment ensures that different capillary plasma transit times are reflected in different intracapillary dye concentrations. The observed heterogeneity of capillary plasma transit time was expressed as the coefficient of variation (means +/- SD) of the intracapillary dye concentrations. For comparison, cerebral blood flow was determined at comparable PCO2 values in a second experimental group. At arterial PCO2 values between 40 and 25 mmHg, the cerebral blood flow and the coefficient of variation of the intracapillary dye concentration decreased with decreasing PCO2, whereas at PCO2 values <25 mmHg cerebral blood flow and coefficient of variation did not correlate with the arterial PCO2. However, it cannot be excluded that the coefficient of variation of the intracapillary dye concentration increases between 25 and 14 mmHg and decreases between 14 and 10 mmHg. It is concluded that the reduction of cerebral blood flow measured during moderate hypocapnia is paralleled by a decreased heterogeneity of the brain capillary perfusion. During severe hypocapnia this relationship is lost, indicating a potential disturbance of the cerebral microcirculation.

Increase in Evans blue dye extravasation into the brain in the late developmental stage

Neuroreport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuen-Bao Chen ◽  
Eva Yuhua Kuo ◽  
Kin-Shing Poon ◽  
Ka-Shun Cheng ◽  
Chia-Sheng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Late Developmental Stage ◽  
The Brain

A CONSTANT-RATE INDICATOR-INFUSION TECHNIC FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF CENTRAL VASCULAR VOLUME IN MAN

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorrance Bowers ◽  
John T. Shepherd ◽  
Earl H. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Blood Volumes

Evans blue dye was injected at a constant rate into the right ventricle or pulmonary artery of 17 subjects in 21 experiments. The consequent arterial dilution patterns were recorded continuously by a cuvette oximeter connected to an indwelling needle in the radial artery. From these dilution patterns the amount and concentration of dye in the intravascular space between the injecting and sampling sites were determined when an equilibrium concentration was attained. From these dimensions the "central vascular volume" was calculated. The values for the central vascular volume thus derived showed agreement with those determined in near-simultaneous estimations by Hamilton's modification of Stewart's method. The values for the "lung blood volumes" by the Newman method in these subjects were systematically smaller than the values for the central vascular volume.

Flow-independent heterogeneity of brain capillary plasma perfusion after blood exchange with a Newtonian fluid

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. H1833-H1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vogel ◽  
K. F. Waschke ◽  
W. Kuschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Microvascular Perfusion ◽  
Bovine Hemoglobin ◽  
Brain Capillary ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Blood Exchange ◽  
The Brain

Previous studies from our group have indicated a heterogeneity of plasma transit times in brain capillaries. The heterogeneity was decreased with increasing cerebral blood flow during hypercapnia. In the present study, the hypothesis was tested that these apparent changes in microvascular plasma perfusion heterogeneity depend on the existence of red blood cells (RBC). To this end, the blood of anesthetized and paralyzed rats was replaced by a shear rate-independent oxygen-carrying substitute, ultrapurified polymerized bovine hemoglobin (UPBHB). Cerebral blood flow ([14C]iodoantipyrine technique) or microvascular perfusion pattern (intravenous bolus injection of Evans blue and decapitation 3-4 s later) was measured. After exchange transfusion with UPBHB, cerebral blood flow still varied with arterial PCO2, whereas in contrast to the unexchanged condition, the heterogeneity of the intracapillary Evans blue concentration remained unchanged. Compared with the unexchanged normocapnic condition, the heterogeneity of intracapillary dye concentration was decreased by one-quarter. It is concluded that RBC contribute to the microvascular perfusion heterogeneity in the brain.

scholarly journals Evans blue dye-enhanced imaging of the brain microvessels using spectral focusing coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0185519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Ram Lee ◽  
Kyung-Il Joo ◽  
Eun Sook Choi ◽  
Junghoon Jahng ◽  
Hyunmin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Brain Microvessels ◽  
Anti Stokes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Enhanced Imaging

A technique for unilateral instillation of agents into the rat lung

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Dubaybo ◽  
L. A. Thet
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Main Stem Bronchus ◽  
Bilateral Lung ◽  
Polyethylene Tubing ◽  
The Right

We describe a technique for unilateral instillation of agents into the right lung of rats. We intubated rats perorally with a 16-gauge flexible polyethylene catheter and through it introduced narrow-bore (less than 1 mm diam) polyethylene tubing into the trachea and beyond the carina into the right main-stem bronchus. This maneuver was facilitated by placing the animal supine with the cephalad end tilted up and the right side tilted down. We tested the effectiveness of our technique by instilling Evans blue dye into the right lung of 14 rats and spectrophotometrically quantitating the amount of dye present in homogenates from each lobe of the right and left lungs. Ninety-seven percent of the instilled dye was recovered from the right lung, and distribution of dye per gram of tissue was uniform among the four lobes. The technique described should be useful in producing severe degrees of unilateral lung injury and fibrosis in rodents without the high mortality that can be associated with bilateral lung injury.

A CONSTANT-RATE INDICATOR-INFUSION TECHNIC FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF CENTRAL VASCULAR VOLUME IN MAN

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Dorrance Bowers ◽  
John T. Shepherd ◽  
Earl H. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Blood Volumes

Evans blue dye was injected at a constant rate into the right ventricle or pulmonary artery of 17 subjects in 21 experiments. The consequent arterial dilution patterns were recorded continuously by a cuvette oximeter connected to an indwelling needle in the radial artery. From these dilution patterns the amount and concentration of dye in the intravascular space between the injecting and sampling sites were determined when an equilibrium concentration was attained. From these dimensions the "central vascular volume" was calculated. The values for the central vascular volume thus derived showed agreement with those determined in near-simultaneous estimations by Hamilton's modification of Stewart's method. The values for the "lung blood volumes" by the Newman method in these subjects were systematically smaller than the values for the central vascular volume.

scholarly journals Subarachnoid hemorrhage and the distribution of drugs delivered into the cerebrospinal fluid

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard M. Pluta ◽  
John A. Butman ◽  
Bawarjan Schatlo ◽  
Dennis L. Johnson ◽  
Edward H. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
The Right

Object Investigators in experimental and clinical studies have used the intrathecal route to deliver drugs to prevent or treat vasospasm. However, a clot near an artery or arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may hamper distribution and limit the effects of intrathecally delivered compounds. In a primate model of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) SAH, the authors examined the distribution of Isovue-M 300 and 3% Evans blue after infusion into the cisterna magna CSF. Methods Ten cynomolgus monkeys were assigned to SAH and sham SAH surgery groups (5 in each group). Monkeys received CSF injections as long as 28 days after SAH and were killed 3 hours after the contrast/Evans blue injection. The authors assessed the distribution of contrast material on serial CT within 2 hours after contrast injection and during autopsy within 3 hours after Evans blue staining. Results Computed tomography cisternographies showed no contrast in the vicinity of the right MCA (p < 0.05 compared with left); the distribution of contrast surrounding the entire right cerebral hemisphere was substantially reduced. Postmortem analysis demonstrated much less Evans blue staining of the right hemisphere surface compared with the left. Furthermore, the Evans blue dye did not penetrate into the right sylvian fissure, which occurred surrounding the left MCA. The authors observed the same pattern of changes and differences in contrast distribution between SAH and sham SAH animals and between the right and the left hemispheres on Days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after SAH. Conclusions Intrathecal drug distribution is substantially limited by SAH. Thus, when using intrathecal drug delivery after SAH, vasoactive drugs are unlikely to reach the arteries that are at the highest risk of delayed cerebral vasospasm.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

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