Blood flow, lipid oxidation, and muscle glycogen synthesis after glycogen depletion by strenuous exercise

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUHA A. TUOMINEN ◽  
JUHA E. PELTONEN ◽  
VEIKKO A. KOIVISTO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Synthesis

scholarly journals Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
John A. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Since the pioneering studies conducted in the 1960s in which glycogen status was investigated using the muscle biopsy technique, sports scientists have developed a sophisticated appreciation of the role of glycogen in cellular adaptation and exercise performance, as well as sites of storage of this important metabolic fuel. While sports nutrition guidelines have evolved during the past decade to incorporate sport-specific and periodized manipulation of carbohydrate (CHO) availability, athletes attempt to maximize muscle glycogen synthesis between important workouts or competitive events so that fuel stores closely match the demands of the prescribed exercise. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that enhance or impair this biphasic process. In the early postexercise period (0–4 h), glycogen depletion provides a strong drive for its own resynthesis, with the provision of CHO (~1 g/kg body mass) optimizing this process. During the later phase of recovery (4–24 h), CHO intake should meet the anticipated fuel needs of the training/competition, with the type, form, and pattern of intake being less important than total intake. Dietary strategies that can enhance glycogen synthesis from suboptimal amounts of CHO or energy intake are of practical interest to many athletes; in this scenario, the coingestion of protein with CHO can assist glycogen storage. Future research should identify other factors that enhance the rate of synthesis of glycogen storage in a limited time frame, improve glycogen storage from a limited CHO intake, or increase muscle glycogen supercompensation.

scholarly journals Skeletal-muscle glycogen synthesis during the starved-to-fed transition in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Holness ◽  
M J L Schuster-Bruce ◽  
M C Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Fibre Composition ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Fibre Composition ◽  
Glycogen Deposition

The pattern of glycogen deposition in skeletal muscles of varying fibre composition was examined in rats during the starved-to-fed transition. In all the muscles studied, glycogen concentrations steadily increased during the first 8 h after chow re-feeding, and the fed value was exceeded. Rates of glycogen deposition varied, not with muscle fibre composition, but with the extent of glycogen depletion during starvation. There was no evidence for skeletal-muscle glycogen breakdown during the period of hepatic glycogenesis, making it unlikely that recycling of carbon from muscle glycogen to lactate is quantitatively important for the provision of glycogenic precursors to the liver, but moderate glycogen loss was observed from 8 to 24 h after re-feeding, when the liver is in the lipogenic mode. The factors influencing glucose disposal by skeletal muscle after re-feeding are discussed.

Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis in the absence of GSK3 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. E28-E35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michale Bouskila ◽  
Michael F. Hirshman ◽  
Jørgen Jensen ◽  
Laurie J. Goodyear ◽  
Kei Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Mutant Forms

Insulin promotes dephosphorylation and activation of glycogen synthase (GS) by inactivating glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 through phosphorylation. Insulin also promotes glucose uptake and glucose 6-phosphate (G-6- P) production, which allosterically activates GS. The relative importance of these two regulatory mechanisms in the activation of GS in vivo is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if dephosphorylation of GS mediated via GSK3 is required for normal glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle with insulin. We employed GSK3 knockin mice in which wild-type GSK3α and -β genes are replaced with mutant forms (GSK3α/βS21A/S21A/S9A/S9A), which are nonresponsive to insulin. Although insulin failed to promote dephosphorylation and activation of GS in GSK3α/βS21A/S21A/S9A/S9Amice, glycogen content in different muscles from these mice was similar compared with wild-type mice. Basal and epinephrine-stimulated activity of muscle glycogen phosphorylase was comparable between wild-type and GSK3 knockin mice. Incubation of isolated soleus muscle in Krebs buffer containing 5.5 mM glucose in the presence or absence of insulin revealed that the levels of G-6- P, the rate of [14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen, and an increase in total glycogen content were similar between wild-type and GSK3 knockin mice. Injection of glucose containing 2-deoxy-[3H]glucose and [14C]glucose also resulted in similar rates of muscle glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in vivo between wild-type and GSK3 knockin mice. These results suggest that insulin-mediated inhibition of GSK3 is not a rate-limiting step in muscle glycogen synthesis in mice. This suggests that allosteric regulation of GS by G-6- P may play a key role in insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis in vivo.

Metabolic fate of lactate after vigorous activity in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. R245-R254 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Fournier ◽  
H. Guderley
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Time Courses

Although the ability of isolated frog muscle to synthesize glycogen from lactate has long been known, it has never been demonstrated that this metabolic activity occurs in the intact frog. Our results clearly indicate that lactate glycogenesis in frog muscle occurs to a significant extent in vivo. During recovery from strenuous exercise, most of the lactate accumulated by frogs seems to be recycled into muscle glycogen because the lactate that disappears during recovery could account nearly stoichiometrically for the glycogen that accumulates in muscle. Furthermore, the decrease in body lactate and the increase in muscle glycogen follow corresponding time courses, suggesting a precursor-product relationship between lactate and glycogen. During recovery from intense exercise, hepatectomized and normal frogs have nearly identical extents of lactate elimination and glycogen synthesis. This suggests that muscle is the main tissue responsible for the recycling of lactate into muscle glycogen and that liver plays a negligible role in lactate disposal. The negligible hepatic contribution to lactate recycling results in part from the liver's incapacity to produce glucose from lactate. In support of this proposition, we show that frog liver perfused in vitro is unable to incorporate any detectable labeled lactate into glucose despite its excellent physiological integrity. Changes in dietary status, training state, season at which the experiments were done, exercise status, and composition of the perfusion media (pH, hormonal composition, physiological saline vs. culture medium) did not give rise to lactate gluconeogenesis. Because frog liver contains all the regulatory enzymes of the gluconeogenic pathway, its inability to synthesize glucose from lactate is not due to an absence of pyruvate carboxylase. A limited ability for lactate uptake may explain why frog liver cannot produce glucose from lactate.

Can photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) control blood glucose levels and alter muscle glycogen synthesis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 111877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenia Mendes Rodrigues Castro ◽  
Rodrigo Leal de Paiva Carvalho ◽  
Geraldo Marco Rosa Junior ◽  
Beatriz Antoniassi Tavares ◽  
Luis Henrique Simionato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Photobiomodulation Therapy ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Synthesis

Effects of FFA on insulin-stimulated glucose fluxes and muscle glycogen synthase activity in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. E338-E344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong-Yeol Park ◽  
Chul-Hee Kim ◽  
Sung K. Hong ◽  
Kyo I. Suh ◽  
Ki-Up Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Glucose Infusion Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Synthesis

To examine effects of free fatty acids (FFA) on insulin-stimulated glucose fluxes, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (86 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) clamps were performed for 5 h in conscious rats with ( n = 8) or without ( n = 8) lipid-heparin infusion. Glucose infusion rate required to maintain euglycemia was not different between the two groups during the first 2 h of clamps but became significantly lower with lipid-heparin infusion in the 3rd h and thereafter. To investigate changes in intracellular glucose metabolism during lipid-heparin infusion, additional clamps ( n = 8 each) were performed for 1, 2, 3, or 5 h with an infusion of [3-3H]glucose. Insulin-stimulated whole body glucose utilization (Rd), glycolysis, and glycogen synthesis were estimated on the basis of tracer concentrations in plasma during the final 40 min of each clamp. Similar to changes in glucose infusion rate, Rd was not different between the two groups in the 1st and 2nd h but was significantly lower with lipid-heparin infusion in the 3rd h and thereafter. Whole body glycolysis was significantly lower with lipid-heparin infusion in all time periods, i.e., 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th h of clamps. In contrast, whole body glycogen synthesis was higher with lipid-heparin infusion in the 1st and 2nd h but lower in the 5th h. Similarly, accumulation of [3H]glycogen radioactivity in muscle glycogen was significantly higher with lipid-heparin during the 1st and 2nd h but lower during the 3rd and 5th h. Glucose 6-phosphate (G-6- P) concentrations in gastrocnemius muscles were significantly higher with lipid-heparin infusion throughout the clamps. Muscle glycogen synthase (GS) activity was not altered with lipid-heparin infusion at 1, 2, and 3 h but was significantly lower at 5 h. Thus increased availability of FFA significantly reduced whole body glycolysis, but compensatory increase in skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis in association with accumulation of G-6- P masked this effect, and Rd was not affected in the early phase (within 2 h) of lipid-heparin infusion. Rd was reduced in the later phase (>2 h) of lipid-heparin infusion, when glycogen synthesis was reduced in association with reduced skeletal muscle GS activity.

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