Effect of Autonomic Nervous System Manipulations on Gastric Myoelectrical Activity and Emotional Responses in Healthy Human Subjects

Electrical stimulation of St. 36 (Zusanli) has been shown to enhance the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy subjects. However, the underlying mechanism by which acupuncture alters gastric myoelectrical activity is still not clear. To elucidate the possible role of the autonomic nervous system in mediating the effect of acupuncture, we monitored heart rate variability (HRV), a widely used index of vagal discharge at the sinoatrial node of the heart before, during and after electroacupuncture. In this study, we applied two different frequencies (2 Hz and 100 Hz) of electrical stimulation at St. 36 (Zusanli) and LI. 10 (Shousanli) in 15 healthy volunteers. Low frequency (LF, sympathetic activity), high frequency (HF, vagal activity) and LF/HF ratio (sympathovagal balance) were analyzed and compared at the two different frequencies. The results showed an increase in the LF/HF ratio (indicating greater sympathetic activity) during the post-acupuncture period using 2 Hz of electrical stimulation at St. 36 (Zusanli). However, the overall change was not statistically significant. In addition, the power of LF and HF did not change significantly with electroacupuncture at St. 36 (Zusanli) and LI. 10 (Shousanli). In conclusion, applying 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture at St. 36 (Zusanli) or LI. 10 (Shousanli) did not affect cardiovagal activity in normal volunteers. This phenomenon might be due to a difference in presentation in the autonomic nervous system between cardiac and abdominal vagal activity.

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Gastric Myoelectrical Activity and Autonomic Nervous System Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Unexplained Nausea and Vomiting and in Patients with Gastroparesis

Integrative Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.18314/igh.v2i1.1715 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 163-171

Author(s):

Stefi E ◽

Koch K ◽

Brown A ◽

Shaltout H

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Gastric Myoelectrical Activity ◽

Myoelectrical Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous

Background: Patients with chronic unexplained nausea and vomiting (CUNV) and Gastroparesis (GP) have similar symptoms, suggesting they share pathophysiological abnormalities along a continuum of disease.Objectives: To determine the incidence of gastric myoelectrical, accommodation dysfunction and autonomic abnormalities in patients with CUNV and GP.Methods: Outpatients with CUNV and GP who underwent standard 4-hr solid phase gastric emptying, upright tilt table test and electrogastrogram (EGG) recordings with water load satiety test (WLST) were identified from chart review. Subjects with normal emptying were in the CUNV group; those with delayed emptying were in the GP group. EGGs were recorded before and 30 minutes after the WLST and symptoms were recorded on a 100mm visual analog scale.Results: 44 patients (35 women and 9 men, ages 17-76 years) were identified: 24 had normal gastric emptying and CUNV and 20 had GP. Gastric dysrhythmias were found in 70% of CUNV and 69% of GP patients. Twenty percent of CUNV patients and 44% of GP patients ingested abnormally low volumes (< 300mL) during the WLST. Nausea increased similarly after the WLST in the subjects with CUNV and GP (Ps > 0.05). Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) was diagnosed in 17% of CUNV patients and 20% of GP patients.Conclusions: Gastric myoelectrical and accommodation abnormalities and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunctions frequently occur in subjects with CUNV and GP. These pathophysiological abnormalities support the idea that CUNV and GP occur along the same continuum of gastric neuromuscular dysfunction and may be targets for therapeutic approaches.

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Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Mechanism of Energy and Glucose Regulation Post Bariatric Surgery

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.770690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Zhibo An ◽

Haiying Wang ◽

Mohamad Mokadem

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Restrictive Procedures ◽

Metabolic Conditions ◽

Post Bariatric Surgery

Even though lifestyle changes are the mainstay approach to address obesity, Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most effective and durable treatments facing this pandemic and its associated metabolic conditions. The traditional classifications of bariatric surgeries labeled them as “restrictive,” “malabsorptive,” or “mixed” types of procedures depending on the anatomical rearrangement of each one of them. This conventional categorization of bariatric surgeries assumed that the “restrictive” procedures induce their weight loss and metabolic effects by reducing gastric content and therefore having a smaller reservoir. Similarly, the “malabsorptive” procedures were thought to induce their main energy homeostatic effects from fecal calorie loss due to intestinal malabsorption. Observational data from human subjects and several studies from rodent models of bariatric surgery showed that neither of those concepts is completely true, at least in explaining the multiple metabolic changes and the alteration in energy balance that those two surgeries induce. Rather, neuro-hormonal mechanisms have been postulated to underly the physiologic effects of those two most performed bariatric procedures. In this review, we go over the role the autonomic nervous system plays- through its parasympathetic and sympathetic branches- in regulating weight balance and glucose homeostasis after SG and RYGB.

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Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience ◽

10.1093/scan/nss083 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 897-902 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Beate Ditzen ◽

Urs M. Nater ◽

Marcel Schaer ◽

Roberto La Marca ◽

Guy Bodenmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

Couple Conflict ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Specific Effects

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Synchronization of Human Autonomic Nervous System Rhythms with Geomagnetic Activity in Human Subjects

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph14070770 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 770 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Rollin McCraty ◽

Mike Atkinson ◽

Viktor Stolc ◽

Abdullah Alabdulgader ◽

Alfonsas Vainoras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Geomagnetic Activity ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Autonomic Nervous

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Principles of Neuroendocrinology and Hypothalamic Function

10.1093/med/9780197512166.003.0015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 127-132

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Coon ◽

Eduardo E. Benarroch

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Temperature Regulation ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Pituitary Hormones ◽

Diurnal Rhythms ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Hypothalamic Function

The hypothalamus is the neural center of the endocrine system, the regulator of the autonomic nervous system, and the circadian and seasonal clock for behavioral and sleep-wake functions. The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis by integrating cortical, limbic, and spinal inputs and by affecting hormone release, temperature regulation, intake of food and water, sexual behavior and reproduction, emotional responses, and diurnal rhythms. As the link from the nervous system to the endocrine system, the hypothalamus synthesizes and secretes neurohormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones.

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