Endothelin in neurohormonal activation in heart failure

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Boerrigter ◽  
John C. Burnett
2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-385
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Lee ◽  
Nancy C. Tkacs

Neurohormonal activation is a commonly cited array of phenomena in the body’s physiologic response to heart failure. Although various neurohormones and pharmacologic agents that moderate their pathophysiologic effects have been reviewed in the nursing literature, both the mechanisms of neurohormonal system activation and cellular and organ system effects have been described only in brief. Accordingly, this article reviews mechanisms of neurohormonal activation and describes cellular and cardiovascular effects of the (1) sympathetic nervous system, (2) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, (3) kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system, (4) vasopressinergic system, (5) natriuretic peptide systems, and (6) endothelin in the context of heart failure. This article implicitly details the physiologic basis for numerous current and potential future pharmacologic agents used in the management of heart failure. It is intended that this article be used as a reference for advanced clinical nursing practice, research, and education.


Author(s):  
Sidhi Laksono Purwowiyoto ◽  
Ananta Siddhi Prawara

Heart failure (HF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are syndromes that affect a large proportion of the world population. MetS is known to be one of the risk factors of HF, and it can also act as comorbidity in HF. This review aims to further discuss the mechanism of MetS in causing HF, the management of MetS in order to prevent HF, and the management of MetS in HF patients. Visceral adiposity is the primary trigger of MetS which is followed by chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal activation. All the mechanisms causing MetS play also an important role in the progression of HF. The MetS approach can be achieved by managing its components according to the current guidelines and careful management of MetS should be done in patients with HF. MetS is closely related to the progression of HF so that comprehensive management which involves a multidisciplinary team is necessary for managing patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure.


Global Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Freja Stoltze Gaborit ◽  
Caroline Kistorp ◽  
Thomas Kümler ◽  
Christian Hassager ◽  
Niels Tønder ◽  
...  

Cardiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Milo-Cotter ◽  
Beth Cotter-Davison ◽  
Carlo Lombardi ◽  
Hengrui Sun ◽  
Luca Bettari ◽  
...  

2004 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom D.J. Smilde ◽  
Hans L. Hillege ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Frans Boomsma ◽  
Dick de Zeeuw ◽  
...  

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