HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE I Vpr IS A POSITIVE REGULATOR OF VIRAL TRANSCRIPTION AND INFECTIVITY IN PRIMARY HUMAN MACROPHAGES

The ability to control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of the disease is regulated by host and viral factors. This cross-sectional study describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with HIV-1 infection in 1,061 subjects attended in Londrina and region, south of Brazil: 136 healthy individuals (Group 1), 147 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected individuals (Group 2), 161 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients (Group 3), and 617 patients with AIDS (Group 4). Data were obtained by a standardized questionnaire and serological tests. The age of the individuals ranged from 15.1 to 79.5 years, 54.0% and 56.1% of the Groups 3 and 4 patients, respectively, were men. The major features of groups 2, 3, and 4 were a predominance of education level up to secondary school (55.8%, 60.2% and 62.4%, respectively), sexual route of exposure (88.4%, 87.0% and 82.0%, respectively), heterosexual behavior (91.8%, 75.2% and 83.7%, respectively), and previous sexually transmitted diseases (20.4%, 32.5%, and 38.1%, respectively). The patients with AIDS showed the highest rates of seropositivity for syphilis (25.6%), of anti-HCV (22.3%), and anti-HTLV I/II obtained by two serological screening tests (6.2% and 6.8%, respectively). The results documenting the predominant characteristics for HIV-1 infection among residents of Londrina and region, could be useful for the improvement of current HIV-1 prevention, monitoring and therapeutic programs targeted at this population.

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Interferon-Alpha Mediates Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Replication in Primary Human Macrophages at an Early Stage of Replication

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0013521 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. e13521 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Kelly M. Cheney ◽

Áine McKnight

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Interferon Alpha ◽

Virus Type ◽

Early Stage ◽

Human Macrophages ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

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Internalization of human immunodeficiency virus type I and other retroviruses by megakaryocytes and platelets

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v75.10.1920.1920 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 75 (10) ◽

pp. 1920-1923 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

D Zucker-Franklin ◽

S Seremetis ◽

ZY Zheng

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Target Cells ◽

Type I ◽

Murine Bone Marrow ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Normal Human ◽

Normal Human Bone Marrow

Abstract Direct infection of megakaryocytes and platelets by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) or other retroviruses has not been demonstrated. To determine whether this could occur, murine bone marrow was co-cultivated with the amphotropic retrovirus-producing cell line PA317-N2, and freshly isolated normal human bone marrow and platelets were co-cultivated with HIV-infected H9 cells. In each case, ultrastructural analyses showed viruses within megakaryocytes and platelets. In murine specimens, the uptake of retrovirus was avid at all stages of differentiation. In human specimens, viral uptake was less frequent. These results suggest that direct infection of megakaryocytes could play a role in the pathophysiology of HIV- associated disease. In addition, these observations suggest that cells of the megakaryocyte lineage could serve as target cells in gene transfer experiments using retroviral-based vectors.

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CD4 Binding Affinity Determines Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Induced Alpha Interferon Production in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00196-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 82 (17) ◽

pp. 8900-8905 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sabrina Haupt ◽

Norbert Donhauser ◽

Chawaree Chaipan ◽

Philipp Schuster ◽

Bridget Puffer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Binding Affinity ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽

Type I ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are major producers of type I interferons (IFN) in response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. To better define the underlying mechanisms, we studied the magnitude of alpha IFN (IFN-α) induction by recombinant viruses containing changes in the Env protein that impair or disrupt CD4 binding or expressing primary env alleles with differential coreceptor tropism. We found that the CD4 binding affinity but not the viral coreceptor usage is critical for the attachment of autofluorescing HIV-1 to PDC and for subsequent IFN-α induction. Our results illustrate the importance of the gp120-CD4 interaction in determining HIV-1-induced immune stimulation via IFN-α production.

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