Declining Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance Rate Among HIV-Positive Patients at an Italian Teaching Hospital in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Oral manifestations in HIV infections are numerous and some of these are acknowledged as being of great importance in the early diagnosis of the disease. Many HIV-associated oral infections occur early in HIV disease, not infrequently as the presenting sign or symptom. Thus, early detection of the associated oral opportunistic infections should, in many cases, result in earlier diagnosis of HIV infection. Cytology, a simple, painless, and inexpensive method, has become a preferred method and was used in our study for early diagnosis of certain lesions. To determine the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incidence rate of opportunistic infections among HIV-positive adults in a teaching hospital in India, a prospective study was conducted and the required sample size was 40. Study participants were selected randomly from the outpatient department of an HIV clinic who were currently on for antiretroviral therapy (ART). Data on age, gender, form of contagion, antiretroviral therapy at the time of review, number of CD4 lymphocytes per milliliter, and viral load were collected. Oral cytologic investigation was carried out and then stained for histopathological examination. A total of 40 individuals were examined and the incidence of opportunistic infections was 66.7% in individuals with CD4 counts less than 200, 55.6% in individuals with CD4 counts of 200 to 499, and 40.0% in individuals with CD4 counts more than 500. The incidence of opportunistic infection was higher in individuals with low CD4 counts in spite of being on ART.

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Long-term effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical lesions in HIV-positive women

AIDS ◽

10.1097/00002030-200309260-00021 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 2136-2138 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Caterina Uberti-Foppa ◽

Davide Ferrari ◽

Sara Lodini ◽

Salvatore Reina ◽

Franco Ameglio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Term Effect ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Highly Active ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Long Term Effect

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A cross-sectional study on caregivers’ perspective of the quality of life and adherence of paediatric HIV patients to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

10.21203/rs.2.21579/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Lahai ◽

Peter Bai. James ◽

Noel N. Wannang ◽

Haja R. Wurie ◽

Sorie Conteh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Strong Association ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Highly Active ◽

Health Domains

Abstract Background: Poor compliance to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can result in the poor quality of life in children living with HIV/AIDS because of low plasma drug concentration and the possibility of drug resistance. This study evaluates the response of caregivers for determination of adherence and the four quality of life domains in children (aged 14 years and under) on HAART.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 188 children, each accompanied by their caregivers at Ola During Children's Hospital and Makeni Government Hospital between September and November 2016. Adherence to HAART and Quality of life was assessed using the WHO Quality of life summary questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). We obtained ethical approval from the Sierra Leone Ethics and Scientific Review Committee. Results: The study revealed 5.9% adherence amongst paediatric patients, and a strong association of adherent patients(p=0.019*) to the physical health domain (mean=64.61 SD=8.1).Caregiver HIV status showed a strong association with the physical (mean=58.3, SD=11.7 and p=0.024*), and psychological health domains (mean=68.2, SD=14.7 and p=0.001). Caregiver type (mother/father/sibling) accompanying child to hospital also showed strong associated with the physical (mean=58.0, SD=10.6, p <0.001), psychological (mean 68.2 SD=14.81 p <0.001) and environmental health domains (mean=59.7, SD=13.47, p <0.001). Further regression analysis showed a strong association with physical health domain for HIV positive caregivers (p=0.014) and adherent paediatric patients (p=0.005). Nuclear family also showed a strong association with psychological (p<0.001) and environmental (p=0.001) health domains. Conclusion: This study showed a strong association between the quality of life domains and the involvement of nuclear family caregiver, HIV-positive caregiver and adherence to HAART. Our study suggests that the involvement of any member of the nuclear family, HIV positive parents and patient adherence to therapy can improve the quality of life of paediatric HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the two hospitals.

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Prevalence and pattern of inflammatory dermatoses and skin cancers in highly active antiretroviral therapy-experienced and highly active antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

Port Harcourt Medical Journal ◽

10.4103/phmj.phmj_5_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

RoliCynthia Madubuko ◽

AbelNze Onunu

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Benin City ◽

Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽

Highly Active ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

The University

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Squamous Cell Cancer of the Anus: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.14.2810 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 474-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Elizabeth Y. Chiao ◽

Thomas P. Giordano ◽

Peter Richardson ◽

Hashem B. El-Serag

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Administrative Databases ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Highly Active ◽

Hiv Negative

Purpose To evaluate and determine predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) outcomes in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era for HIV-positive and -negative individuals using large national Veterans Affairs (VA) Administration databases. Patients and Methods We used the VA administrative databases to perform a retrospective cohort study in 1,184 veterans diagnosed with SCCA between 1998 and 2004. We calculated HIV infection rates and used logistic regression to identify epidemiologic factors that were associated with HIV infection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to compare survival between HIV-positive and HIV-negative veterans. Results In our cohort, 175 patients (15%) were HIV positive. The median age of the HIV-negative and -positive patients was 63 and 49 years, respectively (P < .001). Individuals with HIV were eight times more likely to be male (P = .01) and three times more likely to be African American (P < .001). There were no differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the receipt of treatment. The 2-year observed survival rates were 77% and 75% among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, respectively. In multivariate Cox analysis, significant predictors of survival were age, sex, metastasis at diagnosis, and comorbidity score. HIV infection did not affect survival. Conclusion A noteworthy proportion of individuals with SCCA in the VA system are HIV positive. HIV-associated SCCA seems mainly to be a disease among younger men. Survival of SCCA is equivalent between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the HAART era. Treatment should not be withheld or deintensified based on HIV status.

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