Does Altered Pain Modulation In the Brain Predict Persistent Chronic Pain?

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
&NA;
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Manganese-enhanced MRI depicts a reduction in brain responses to nociception upon mTOR inhibition in chronic pain rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeounghoon Cha ◽  
Songyeon Choi ◽  
Kyeongmin Kim ◽  
Bae Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Related Area ◽  
Mtor Inhibition ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNeuropathic pain induced by a nerve injury can lead to chronic pain. Recent studies have reported hyperactive neural activities in the nociceptive-related area of the brain as a result of chronic pain. Although cerebral activities associated with hyperalgesia and allodynia in chronic pain models are difficult to represent with functional imaging techniques, advances in manganese (Mn)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) could facilitate the visualization of the activation of pain-specific neural responses in the cerebral cortex. In order to investigate the alleviation of pain nociception by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) modulation, we observed cerebrocortical excitability changes and compared regional Mn2+ enhancement after mTOR inhibition. At day 7 after nerve injury, drugs were applied into the intracortical area, and drug (Vehicle, Torin1, and XL388) effects were compared within groups using MEMRI. Therein, signal intensities of the insular cortex (IC), primary somatosensory cortex of the hind limb region, motor cortex 1/2, and anterior cingulate cortex regions were significantly reduced after application of mTOR inhibitors (Torin1 and XL388). Furthermore, rostral-caudal analysis of the IC indicated that the rostral region of the IC was more strongly associated with pain perception than the caudal region. Our data suggest that MEMRI can depict pain-related signal changes in the brain and that mTOR inhibition is closely correlated with pain modulation in chronic pain rats.

scholarly journals Manganese-enhanced MRI depicts a reduction in brain response to nociception upon mTOR inhibition in chronic pain rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeounghoon Cha ◽  
Songyeon Choi ◽  
Kyeongmin Kim ◽  
Bae Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Related Area ◽  
Mtor Inhibition ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Neuropathic pain induced by a nerve injury can lead to chronic pain. Recent studies have reported hyperactive neural activities in the nociceptive-related area of the brain as a result of chronic pain. Although cerebral activities associated with hyperalgesia and allodynia in chronic pain models are difficult to represent with functional imaging techniques, advances in manganese (Mn)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) could facilitate the visualization of the activation of pain-specific neural responses in the cerebral cortex. In order to investigate the alleviation of pain nociception by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) modulation, we observed cerebrocortical excitability changes and compared regional Mn 2+ enhancement after mTOR inhibition. At day 7 after nerve injury, drugs were applied into the intracortical area, and drug (Vehicle, Torin1, and XL388) effects were compared within groups using MEMRI. Therein, signal intensities of the insular cortex (IC), primary somatosensory cortex of the hind limb region, motor cortex 1/2, and anterior cingulate cortex regions were significantly reduced after application of mTOR inhibitors (Torin1 and XL388). Furthermore, rostral-caudal analysis of the IC indicated that the rostral region of the IC was more strongly associated with pain perception than the caudal region. Our data suggest that MEMRI can depict pain-related signal changes in the brain and that mTOR inhibition is closely correlated with pain modulation in chronic pain rats.

scholarly journals Role of Descending Dopaminergic Pathways in Pain Modulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsheng Li ◽  
Sufang Liu ◽  
Xihua Lu ◽  
Feng Tao
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways ◽  
The Brain

Pain, especially when chronic, is a common reason patients seek medical care and it affects the quality of life and well-being of the patients. Unfortunately, currently available therapies for chronic pain are often inadequate because the neurobiological basis of such pain is still not fully understood. Although dopamine has been known as a neurotransmitter to mediate reward and motivation, accumulating evidence has shown that dopamine systems in the brain are also involved in the central regulation of chronic pain. Most importantly, descending dopaminergic pathways play an important role in pain modulation. In this review, we discuss dopamine receptors, dopaminergic systems in the brain, and the role of descending dopaminergic pathways in the modulation of different types of pain.

Recent Advances in Pain Research: Implications for Chronic Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Endogenous Pain Modulation ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions ◽  
The Brain

Within the last 2 decades there has been an explosion in new information on mechanisms underlying pain. Unfortunately this information has not resulted in a similar improvement of our handling of patients with chronic pain including chronic musculoskeletal pain. Neuronal hyperexcitability, which apparently is a key phenomenon in many (if not all) types of chronic pain results in changes in the nervous system from the level of the peripheral nociceptor to the highest cortical centers in the brain. The neuronal plastic changes in chronic pain conditions makes the nociceptive system amenable for treatment with several traditional as well as untraditional types of interventions. Two treatment areas that seem worth exploring within chronic pain including headache concerns preventive measures and endogenous pain modulation.

scholarly journals Manganese-enhanced MRI depicts a reduction in brain response to nociception by mTOR inhibition in chronic pain rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeounghoon Cha ◽  
Songyeon Choi ◽  
Kyeongmin Kim ◽  
Bae Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Related Area ◽  
Mtor Inhibition ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Neuropathic pain induced by a nerve injury could lead to chronic pain. Recent studies have reported hyperactive neural activities in the nociceptive-related area of the brain as a result of chronic pain. Although cerebral activities associated with hyperalgesia and allodynia in the chronic pain model were difficult to represent with functional imaging techniques, advances in manganese (Mn)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) could facilitate the visualization of the activation of pain-specific neural responses in the cerebral cortex. In order to investigate the alleviation of pain nociception by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) modulation, we observed the cerebrocortical excitability changes and compared the regional Mn 2+ enhancement after mTOR inhibitions. At day 7 after nerve injury, drugs were applied into the intracortical area, and drug (Vehicle, Torin1 and XL388) effects were compared within groups using MEMRI. In the results, signal intensities of the insular cortex (IC), primary somatosensory cortex of the hind limb region (S1HL), motor cortex 1/2 (M1/2), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regions were significantly reduced after application of mTOR inhibitors (Torin1 and XL388). Furthermore, the rostral-caudal analysis of the IC indicated that the rostral region of the IC was more associated with pain perception than caudal region. Our data suggest that MEMRI could present the pain-related signal changes in the brain, and mTOR inhibition is closely correlated with pain modulation in chronic pain rats.

Neurotransmitter systems of female mouse brain during growth of malignant melanoma modeled on the background of chronic pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
О.И. Кит ◽  
И.М. Котиева ◽  
Е.М. Франциянц ◽  
И.В. Каплиева ◽  
Л.К. Трепитаки ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Female Mouse ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Malignant Growth ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Melanoma Growth

Известно, что биогенные амины (БА) участвуют в злокачественном росте, их уровень изменяется в ЦНС при болевом воздействии, однако исследований о сочетанном влиянии хронической боли (ХБ) и онкопатологии на динамику БА в головном мозге не проводилось. Цель: изучить особенности баланса БА в коре головного мозга в динамике роста меланомы, воспроизведенной на фоне ХБ. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 64 мышах-самках, весом 21-22 г. Животным основной группы меланому В16/F10 перевивали под кожу спины через 2 недели после перевязки седалищных нервов. Группой сравнения служили мыши с меланомой без боли. Уровни БА: адреналина, норадреналина, дофамина (ДА), серотонина (5-НТ), гистамина, а также 5-ОИУК определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. У мышей с ХБ уменьшается содержание большинства БА, однако уровень ДА не изменяется. Метаболизм 5-НТ происходит с участием МАО. Развитие меланомы сопровождается увеличением содержания ДА и 5-НТ, тогда как МАО - ингибируется. Направленность сдвигов БА при развитии меланомы на фоне ХБ оказалась практически такой же, как и без неё. В то же время ХБ ограничивает накопление 5-НТ в коре мозга при меланоме, что сопровождается более агрессивным её течением. Выводы. ХБ ограничивает включение стресс-лимитирующих механизмов в головном мозге при развитии меланомы у мышей, что приводит к более агрессивному течению злокачественного процесса. Biogenic amines (BA) are known to be involved in malignant growth, and their CNS levels change in pain; however, there are no studies of combined effects of chronic pain (CP) and cancer on BA dynamics in the brain. Aim: To study features of BA balance in the cerebral cortex during melanoma growth associated with CP. Material and methods. The study included 64 female mice weighing 21-22 g. In the main groups, B16/F10 melanoma was transplanted under the skin of the back two weeks following sciatic nerve ligation. Mice with melanoma without pain were used as the control. Concentrations of BA: adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), histamine and 5-HIAA were measured with ELISA. Results. Concentrations of BAs decreased in mice with CP although DA levels did not change. 5-HT metabolism involved MAO. The development of melanoma was accompanied by increases in DA and 5-HT whereas MAO was inhibited. The direction of BA changes during the development of melanoma was the same with and without CP. At the same time, CP with melanoma limited accumulation of 5-HT in the cerebral cortex, which resulted in even more aggressive course of cancer. Conclusion. CP restricted the activation of cerebral stress-limiting mechanisms during the development of melanoma in mice, which resulted in a more aggressive course of disease.

Chemo- and Optogenetic Strategies for the Elucidation of Pain Pathways

2019 ◽  
pp. 816-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha R. A. Alles ◽  
Anne-Marie Malfait ◽  
Richard J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nociceptive Pathways ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
The Brain

Pain is not a simple phenomenon and, beyond its conscious perception, involves circuitry that allows the brain to provide an affective context for nociception, which can influence mood and memory. In the past decade, neurobiological techniques have been developed that allow investigators to elucidate the importance of particular groups of neurons in different aspects of the pain response, something that may have important translational implications for the development of novel therapies. Chemo- and optogenetics represent two of the most important technical advances of recent times for gaining understanding of physiological circuitry underlying complex behaviors. The use of these techniques for teasing out the role of neurons and glia in nociceptive pathways is a rapidly growing area of research. The major findings of studies focused on understanding circuitry involved in different aspects of nociception and pain are highlighted in this article. In addition, attention is drawn to the possibility of modification of chemo- and optogenetic techniques for use as potential therapies for treatment of chronic pain disorders in human patients.

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