scholarly journals Limb Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Protects the Spinal Cord from Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Long Dong ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Bin-Xiao Su ◽  
Zheng-Hua Zhu ◽  
Qiu-Han Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Neurologic Function

Background It remains to be established whether spinal cord ischemic tolerance can be induced by limb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of RIPC on the spinal cord need to be clarified. Methods Spinal cord ischemia was studied in New Zealand White rabbits. In experiment 1, all rabbits were subjected to 20-min spinal cord ischemia by aortic occlusion. Thirty minutes before ischemia, rabbits were subjected to sham intervention or RIPC achieved by bilateral femoral artery occlusion (10 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion, two cycles). Dimethylthiourea (500 mg/kg, intravenously), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, or vehicle was given 1 h before RIPC. Antioxidant enzyme activity was measured along with spinal cord histology and neurologic function. In experiment 2, rabbits were subjected to spinal cord ischemia, with or without RIPC. In addition, rabbits were pretreated with various doses of hexamethonium. Results RIPC improved neurologic function and reduced histologic damage. This was associated with increased endogenous antioxidant activity. Dimethylthiourea inhibited the protective effects of RIPC. In contrast, there was no effect of hexamethonium on the protective effect of RIPC. Conclusions An initial oxidative stress acts as a trigger to upregulate antioxidant enzyme activity, rather than the neural pathway, and plays an important role in the formation of the tolerance against spinal cord ischemia by limb RIPC.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spinal Cord Ischemia– Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in a Porcine Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Johannes Haapanen ◽  
Johanna Herajärvi ◽  
Hannu-Pekka Honkanen ◽  
Caius Mustonen ◽  
Hannu Tuominen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Segmental Artery

Background: In experimental settings, remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has shown a positive effect regarding spinal cord protection after local ischemia. In this study, we conducted spinal cord immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the protective effect of RIPC after 24 hours of the regional ischemia. Methods: Twenty piglets were randomized into an RIPC group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 10). The RIPC group underwent transient left hind limb ischemia before systematic left subclavian artery and segmental artery occlusion at the level of the diaphragm. Twenty-four hours later, the thoracic and lumbar spinal cords were harvested, and the oxidative stress markers were immunohistochemically analysed. Results: A total of 18 animals survived the 4-hour follow up (10 in the RIPC group, 8 in the control group) and 14 animals survived the 24-hour follow up (7 in each group). In the single sections of the spinal cord, the antioxidant pathway activation was seen in the RIPC group, as OGG1 and DJ-1/PARK7 activation was higher (P = .038 and P = .047, respectively). Conclusions: The results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of RIPC on the spinal cord after local ischemic insult remains controversial.

scholarly journals Ischemic preconditioning ameliorates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by triggering autoregulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Loong Liang ◽  
Kang Lu ◽  
Po-Chou Liliang ◽  
Tai-Been Chen ◽  
Samuel H.H. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia

Which type of conditioning method protects the spinal cord from the ischemia–reperfusion injury in 24 hours?

Vascular ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sapmaz ◽  
A Tulga Ulus ◽  
Nilüfer N Turan ◽  
F Figen Kaymaz ◽  
Hija Yazıcıoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Postconditioning ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Remote Preconditioning ◽  
Ischemia Group

Objective This study was designed to test the effects of different types of preconditioning and postconditioning methods on spinal cord protection following aortic clamping. Methods The animals (rabbits) were divided into sham-operated, ischemic preconditioning, remote ischemic preconditioning, simultaneous aortic and ischemic remote preconditioning, and ischemic postconditioning groups. After neurological evaluations, ultrastructural analysis and immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 were evaluated after 24 h following ischemia. Results The neurological outcomes of the remote ischemic preconditioning (4.2 ± 0.4) and ischemic postconditioning (4.6 ± 0.8) groups were significantly improved when compared with the ischemia group (2.2 ± 04). The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the lowest percentage of apoptosis was in-group ischemic preconditioning at 12.5 ± 30.6%. In the comparison of intracellular edema in an ultrastructural analysis, the ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning groups had significantly lower values than the ischemia group. Conclusion The conditioning methods attenuate ischemia–reperfusion injury for spinal cord injury. Ischemic and remote preconditioning and also postconditioning methods are simple to perform and inexpensive.

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