Cocaine reverses the changes in GABAA subunits and in glutamic acid decarboxylase isoenzymes mRNA expression induced by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Araújo de Azeredo ◽  
André Rosito Marquardt ◽  
Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon ◽  
Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Differential regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in the aged manganese-treated rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayka Tomás-Camardiel ◽  
Antonio J Herrera ◽  
José L Venero ◽  
Mari Cruz Sánchez-Hidalgo ◽  
Josefina Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase

Effects of Melatonin on Prenatal Dexamethasone-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Hippocampal Morphology and Reelin and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 Levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chung Lui ◽  
Mei-Hsin Hsu ◽  
Ho-Chang Kuo ◽  
Chih-Cheng Chen ◽  
Jiunn-Ming Sheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Hippocampal Morphology ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure causes brain damage in adult offspring; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Melatonin has been shown to have beneficial effects in compromised pregnancies. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered vehicle (VEH) or dexamethasone between gestation days 14 and 21. The programming effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure on the brain were assessed at postnatal days (PND) 7, 42, and ∼120. Melatonin was administered from PND21 to the rats exposed to dexamethasone, and the outcome was assessed at ∼PND120. In total, there were four groups: VEH, vehicle plus melatonin (VEHM), prenatal dexamethasone-exposure (DEX), and prenatal dexamethasone exposure plus melatonin (DEXM). Spatial memory, gross hippocampal morphology, and hippocampal biochemistry were examined. Spatial memory assessed by the Morris water maze showed no significant differences among the four groups. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed that all rats with prenatal dexamethasone exposure (DEX + DEXM) exhibited increased T2-weighted signals in the hippocampus. There were no significant differences in the levels of mRNA expression of hippocampal reln, which encodes reelin, and GAD1, which encodes glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, at PND7. At both PND42 and ∼PND120, reln and GAD1 mRNA expression levels were decreased. At ∼PND120, melatonin restored the reduced levels of hippocampal reln and GAD1 mRNA expression in the DEXM group. In addition, melatonin restored the reln mRNA expression levels by (1) reducing DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mRNA expression and (2) reducing the binding of DNMT1 and the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) to the reln promoter. The present study showed that prenatal dexamethasone exposure induced gross alterations in hippocampal morphology and reduced the levels of hippocampal mRNA expression of reln and GAD1. Spatial memory was unimpaired. Thus, melatonin had a beneficial effect in restoring hippocampal reln mRNA expression by reducing DNMT1 and MeCP2 binding to the reln promoter.

scholarly journals Expression of the neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase in male germ cells.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 4701-4711 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Persson ◽  
M Pelto-Huikko ◽  
M Metsis ◽  
O Söder ◽  
S Brene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

The gene encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the key enzyme in the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, is shown to be expressed in the testis of several different species. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA clone isolated from the human testis confirmed the presence of GAD mRNA in the testis. The major GAD mRNA in the testis was 2.5 kilobases. Smaller amounts of a 3.7-kilobase mRNA with the same size as GAD mRNA in the brain was also detected in the testis. In situ hybridization using a GAD-specific probe revealed GAD mRNA expressing spermatocytes and spermatids located in the middle part of rat seminiferous tubules. Studies on the ontogeny of GAD mRNA expression showed low levels of GAD mRNA in testes of prepubertal rats, with increasing levels as sexual maturation is reached, compatible with GAD mRNA expression in germ cells. In agreement with this, fractionation of cells from the rat seminiferous epithelium followed by Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed the highest levels of GAD mRNA associated with spermatocytes and spermatids. Evidence for the presence of GAD protein in the rat testis was obtained from the demonstration of GAD-like immunoreactivity in seminiferous tubules, predominantly at a position where spermatids and spermatozoa are found. Furthermore, GAD-like immunoreactivity was seen in the midpiece of ejaculated human spermatozoa, the part that is responsible for generating energy for spermatozoan motility.

Expression of the neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase in male germ cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 4701-4711
Author(s):  
H Persson ◽  
M Pelto-Huikko ◽  
M Metsis ◽  
O Söder ◽  
S Brene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

The gene encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the key enzyme in the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, is shown to be expressed in the testis of several different species. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA clone isolated from the human testis confirmed the presence of GAD mRNA in the testis. The major GAD mRNA in the testis was 2.5 kilobases. Smaller amounts of a 3.7-kilobase mRNA with the same size as GAD mRNA in the brain was also detected in the testis. In situ hybridization using a GAD-specific probe revealed GAD mRNA expressing spermatocytes and spermatids located in the middle part of rat seminiferous tubules. Studies on the ontogeny of GAD mRNA expression showed low levels of GAD mRNA in testes of prepubertal rats, with increasing levels as sexual maturation is reached, compatible with GAD mRNA expression in germ cells. In agreement with this, fractionation of cells from the rat seminiferous epithelium followed by Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed the highest levels of GAD mRNA associated with spermatocytes and spermatids. Evidence for the presence of GAD protein in the rat testis was obtained from the demonstration of GAD-like immunoreactivity in seminiferous tubules, predominantly at a position where spermatids and spermatozoa are found. Furthermore, GAD-like immunoreactivity was seen in the midpiece of ejaculated human spermatozoa, the part that is responsible for generating energy for spermatozoan motility.

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