Role of programmed cell death ligand-1 expression on prognostic and overall survival of breast cancer

Background: Cervical cancer induced by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a leading cause of mortality for women worldwide although preventive vaccines and early diagnosis have reduced morbidity and mortality. Advanced cervical cancer can only be treated with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy but outcomes are poor. The median survival for advanced cervical cancer patients is only 16.8 months. Methods: We undertook a structural search of peer-reviewed published studies based on 1). Characteristics of programmed cell death ligand-1/programmed cell death-1(PD-L1/PD-1) expression in cervical cancer and upstream regulatory signals of PD-L1/PD-1 expression, 2). The role of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in cervical carcinogenesis induced by HPV infection and 3). Whether the PD-L1/PD-1 axis has emerged as a potential target for cervical cancer therapies. Results: One hundred and twenty-six published papers were included in the review, demonstrating that expression of PD-L1/PD-1 is associated with HPV-caused cancer, especially with HPV 16 and 18 which account for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. HPV E5/E6/E7 oncogenes activate multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, STAT3/NF-kB and MicroRNAs, which regulate PD-L1/PD-1 axis to promote HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. The PD-L1/PD-1 axis plays a crucial role in immune escape of cervical cancer through inhibition of host immune response. creating an "immune-privileged" site for initial viral infection and subsequent adaptive immune resistance, which provides a rationale for therapeutic blockade of this axis in HPV-positive cancers. Currently, Phase I/II clinical trials evaluating the effects of PD-L1/PD-1 targeted therapies are in progress for cervical carcinoma, which provide an important opportunity for the application of anti-PD-L1/anti-PD-1 antibodies in cervical cancer treatment. Conclusion: Recent research developments have led to an entirely new class of drugs using antibodies against the PD-L1/PD-1 thus promoting the body’s immune system to fight the cancer. The expression and roles of the PD-L1/ PD-1 axis in the progression of cervical cancer provide great potential for using PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies as a targeted cancer therapy.

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Ozone-Induced Cell Death in Tobacco Cultivar Bel W3 Plants. The Role of Programmed Cell Death in Lesion Formation

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.103.026591 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 1122-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Stefania Pasqualini ◽

Claudia Piccioni ◽

Lara Reale ◽

Luisa Ederli ◽

Guido Della Torre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Lesion Formation ◽

Tobacco Cultivar

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Study of Gene Expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Breast Cancer Patients

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/03008916211012320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 107 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 2-2

Author(s):

H Gadelrab ◽

M Mokhtar ◽

H Morsy ◽

M Elnaggar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Clinicopathological Parameters ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Female Breast

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among females and the second most common cancer overall. Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays an important role in blocking ‘cancer-immunity cycle’ and is considered as a major inhibitory pathway. The aim of the present study was to clarify the alterations of expression of PD-L1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cytes (PBMCs) of female breast cancer patients and analyze its association with clinico-pathological criteria as well as therapeutic response. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 45 female breast cancer patients and 45 female controls. Blood samples were collected followed by PBMCs isolation, total RNA extraction, reverse transcription and finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using SYBR Green DNA binding dye. Expression levels of PD-L1 were calculated and then compared with clinicopathological parameters of the patients in addition to initial therapeutic response. Results: A significant difference was detected for PD-L1 expression levels in breast cancer patients compared to controls. A significant association with age, metastatic breast cancer, estrogen receptor (ER) negative status as well as high concentrations of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) was detected. On the other hand, no significant association was recognized with tumor size, lymph nodal status, histopathological type, grade, progesterone receptor (PR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) status, triple negative, among de novo and recurrent metastatic patients and for the number of metastatic sites as well as the therapeutic response. Conclusions: This study paves the way of the use of PD-L1 as a noninvasive prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for poor prognosis of breast cancer.

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Retraction: Linc00472 suppresses breast cancer progression and enhances doxorubicin sensitivity through regulation of miR-141 and programmed cell death 4

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra90067f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5895-5895

Author(s):

Laura Fisher

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Breast Cancer Progression ◽

Programmed Cell Death 4

Retraction of ‘Linc00472 suppresses breast cancer progression and enhances doxorubicin sensitivity through regulation of miR-141 and programmed cell death 4’ by Pengwei Lu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 8455–8468, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA00296G

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