Effects of exercise interventions for specific cognitive domains in old adults with mild cognitive impairment

AbstractControversy surrounds the differences of the cognitive profile between mild cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral small vessel disease (MCI-SVD) and mild cognitive impairment associated with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD). The aim of this study was to explore and compare the cognitive features of MCI-SVD and MCI-AD. MCI-SVD patients (n = 56), MCI-AD patients (n = 30), and normal control subjects (n = 80) were comprehensively evaluated with neuropsychological tests covering five cognitive domains. The performance was compared between groups. Tests that discriminated between MCI-SVD and MCI-AD were identified. Multiple cognitive domains were impaired in MCI-SVD group, while memory and executive function were mainly impaired in MCI-AD group. Compared with MCI-SVD, MCI-AD patients performed relatively worse on memory tasks, but better on processing speed measures. The AVLT Long Delay Free Recall, Digit Symbol Test, and Stroop Test Part A (performance time) in combination categorized 91.1% of MCI-SVD patients and 86.7% of MCI-AD patients correctly. Current study suggested a nonspecific neuropsychological profile for MCI-SVD and a more specific cognitive pattern in MCI-AD. MCI-AD patients demonstrated greater memory impairment with relatively preserved mental processing speed compared with MCI-SVD patients. Tests tapping these two domains might be potentially useful for differentiating MCI-SVD and MCI-AD patients. (JINS, 2009, 15, 898–905.)

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Intraindividual Variability in Domain-Specific Cognition and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2013/495793 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Leslie Vaughan ◽

Iris Leng ◽

Dale Dagenbach ◽

Susan M. Resnick ◽

Stephen R. Rapp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Intraindividual Variability ◽

Adult Women ◽

Interindividual Differences ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Verbal Episodic Memory

Intraindividual variability among cognitive domains may predict dementia independently of interindividual differences in cognition. A multidomain cognitive battery was administered to 2305 older adult women (mean age 74 years) enrolled in an ancillary study of the Women’s Health Initiative. Women were evaluated annually for probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for an average of 5.3 years using a standardized protocol. Proportional hazards regression showed that lower baseline domain-specific cognitive scores significantly predicted MCI (N=74), probable dementia (N=45), and MCI or probable dementia combined (N=101) and that verbal and figural memory predicted each outcome independently of all other cognitive domains. The baseline intraindividual standard deviation across test scores (IAV Cognitive Domains) significantly predicted probable dementia and this effect was attenuated by interindividual differences in verbal episodic memory. Slope increases in IAV Cognitive Domains across measurement occasions (IAV Time) explained additional risk for MCI and MCI or probable dementia, beyond that accounted for by interindividual differences in multiple cognitive measures, but risk for probable dementia was attenuated by mean decreases in verbal episodic memory slope. These findings demonstrate that within-person variability across cognitive domains both at baseline and longitudinally independently accounts for risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in support of the predictive utility of within-person variability.

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The Destiny of Multiple Domain Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Effect of Alternative Neuropsychological Definitions and Their Adjunctive Role in Respect of Memory Impairment

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa094 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Piccininni ◽

Davide Quaranta ◽

Guido Gainotti ◽

Giordano Lacidogna ◽

Valeria Guglielmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Neuropsychological Battery ◽

Risk Models ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Definition Of ◽

With Memory ◽

Multiple Domain

Abstract Objective Mild cognitive impairment is the main risk factor of dementia. Previous evidence has claimed that subjects with memory disturbances associated with impairment of other cognitive domains (multiple domain amnesic MCI) are at the highest risk of developing dementia. To date, a shared definition of amnesic MCI multiple domain (aMCI-MD) is still lacking. Method 163 subjects with aMCI were enrolled and followed-up for 2 years. They underwent a baseline comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The cut-off point for each test was set at 1, 1.5, and 2 SD below the mean obtained in normative studies; aMCI-MD was defined as the occurrence of abnormal scores on at least one, two, or three tests not assessing memory. The Episodic Memory Score (EMS), that measures the severity of memory impairment, was determined. Logistic regressionand Cox’s proportional hazard risk models were carried out. The adjunctive effect of the definitions of aMCI-MD on the severity of memory impairment was assessed. Results Fifty-four subjects progressed to dementia. Only restrictive definitions of aMCI-MD (at least three tests below 1.5 SD; at least two tests below 2 SD) predicted conversion to dementia in both logistic regression and survival analysis. None of the conditions showed a significant adjunctive effect on the EMS. Conclusions The predictive effect of impairment in tests assessing cognitive domains other than memory depends on its psychometric definition. The use of a restrictive definition would be of some usefulness, but the adjunctive effect of such a definition on an integrated analysis of memory impairment may be questionable.

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Separation of cognitive domains to improve prediction of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/alzrt176 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Suzanne B Hendrix ◽

Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Domains

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Spontaneous blink rate as a biological marker of dopamine function in old adults with mild cognitive impairment

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.200 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 500 ◽

pp. e45

Author(s):

Aristea Ladas ◽

Ana B. Vivas ◽

Christos Frantzidis ◽

Panagiotis Bamidis

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Biological Marker ◽

Blink Rate ◽

Old Adults

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Impacts of Motion-Based Technology on Balance, Movement Confidence, and Cognitive Function Among People With Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Pre- and Posttest Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18209 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Erica Dove ◽

Rosalie Wang ◽

Karl Zabjek ◽

Arlene Astell

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Group Setting ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Group Motion ◽

Technology Intervention ◽

Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND While exercise can benefit the health and well-being of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, many exercise programs offered to this population are passive, unengaging, and inaccessible, resulting in poor adherence. Motion-based technologies are increasingly being explored to encourage exercise participation among people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. However, the impacts of using motion-based technologies with people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment on variables including balance, movement confidence, and cognitive function have yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of a group motion-based technology intervention on balance, movement confidence, and cognitive function among people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. METHODS In this quasi-experimental pre- and posttest design, we will recruit 24 people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment from 4 adult day programs and invite them to play Xbox Kinect bowling in a group setting, twice weekly for 10 weeks. We will require participants to speak and understand English, be without visual impairment, and be able to stand and walk. At pretest, participants will complete the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We will video record participants during weeks 1, 5, and 10 of the intervention to capture behavioral indicators of movement confidence (eg, fluency of motion) through coding. At posttest, the Mini-BESTest and MoCA will be repeated. We will analyze quantitative data collected through the Mini-BESTest and the MoCA using an intent-to-treat analysis, with study site and number of intervention sessions attended as covariates. To analyze the videos, we will extract count and percentage data from the coded recordings. RESULTS This study will address the question of whether a group motion-based technology intervention, delivered in an adult day program context, has the potential to impact balance, movement confidence, and cognitive function among people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The project was funded in 2019 and enrollment was completed on February 28, 2020. Data analysis is underway and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2021. CONCLUSIONS This study will assess the feasibility and potential benefits of using motion-based technology to deliver exercise interventions to people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. This work can also be used as the basis for developing specific software and future exercise programs using motion-based technology for people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, as well as understanding some of the conditions in which these programs can be delivered. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/18209

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