Antiretroviral Drugs in the Cupboard are Not Enough: The Impact of Health Systemsʼ Performance on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. e45-e48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre M Barker ◽  
Wendy Mphatswe ◽  
Nigel Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Malawi through Immunization Clinic-Based Surveillance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e100741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Sinunu ◽  
Erik J. Schouten ◽  
Nellie Wadonda-Kabondo ◽  
Enock Kajawo ◽  
Michael Eliya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Towards Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: The Impact of a Rapid Results Initiative in Nyanza Province, Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Dillabaugh ◽  
Jayne Lewis Kulzer ◽  
Kevin Owuor ◽  
Valerie Ndege ◽  
Arbogast Oyanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Nyanza Province ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

Many HIV-positive pregnant women and infants are still not receiving optimal services, preventing the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and improving maternal child health overall. A Rapid Results Initiative (RRI) approach was utilized to address key challenges in delivery of prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) services including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) uptake for women and infants. The RRI was conducted between April and June 2011 at 119 health facilities in five districts in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Aggregated site-level data were compared at baseline before the RRI (Oct 2010–Jan 2011), during the RRI, and post-RRI (Jul–Sep 2011) using pre-post cohort analysis. HAART uptake amongst all HIV-positive pregnant women increased by 40% (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.7) and continued to improve post-RRI (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.8). HAART uptake in HIV-positive infants remained stable (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.4) during the RRI and improved by 30% (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.6) post-RRI. Significant improvement in PMTCT services can be achieved through introduction of an RRI, which appears to lead to sustained benefits for pregnant HIV-infected women and their infants.

scholarly journals Microphthalmia and Optic Nerve Hypoplasia Induced by Maternal Coronavirus Infection?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Morhart ◽  
Christian Mardin ◽  
Manfred Rauh ◽  
Jörg Jüngert ◽  
Johanna Hammersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Possible mother-to-child transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during pregnancy is still a matter of debate. We studied the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on 56 complete households, including 27 newborns whose mothers were pregnant when exposed to the virus. Three perinatal SARS-CoV-2 transmissions with mild symptoms in affected neonates were recorded (two cases confirmed by PCR, the third one based on clinical findings). In addition, we observed a severe eye malformation (unilateral microphthalmia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and congenital retinopathy) associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in weeks 5 and 6 of embryonic development. This embryopathy could not be explained by other infectious agents, genetic factors, or drug use during pregnancy. Eight other women with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to gestational week 12, however, delivered healthy infants.Conclusion: The repeated occurrence of mother-to-child transmission in our cohort with risks that remain incompletely understood, such as long-term effects and the possibility of an embryopathy, should sensitize researchers and stimulate further studies as well as strongly support COVID19 vaccination recommendations for pregnant women.Trial registration number: NCT04741412Date of registration: November 18, 2020

Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Short ◽  
Jason J. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Virologic Control ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Pregnancy Registry

Research has demonstrated that proper prevention strategies and interventions during pregnancy, labor, and delivery can significantly reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) should be initiated in all HIV-infected pregnant women regardless of CD4+ T cell count or HIV-1 RNA level. ARVs should be given in combination therapy, similar to nonpregnant patients, with the goal of complete virologic suppression. Treatment changes during pregnancy have been associated with the loss of virologic control and independently associated with mother-to-child transmission. All cases of prenatal antiretroviral exposure should be reported to the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry, which collects data on HIV-infected pregnant women taking ARVs with the goal of detecting any major teratogenic effects.

scholarly journals A Mother-to-Child Transmission Study in Nigeria: The Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and HAART on Plasma Immunoglobulins, Cytokine Profiles and Infant Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinwe O. Ewenighi-Amankwah ◽  
Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe ◽  
Ogochukwu Udemba ◽  
Patience Muogbo ◽  
Lijun Rong
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Transmission Study ◽  
Infant Outcome ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child
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