The impact of scaling-up prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV infection on the human resource requirement: the need to go beyond numbers

2008 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Daudi Simba ◽  
Jerome Kamwela ◽  
Rose Mpembeni ◽  
Gernard Msamanga
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals A Mother-to-Child Transmission Study in Nigeria: The Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and HAART on Plasma Immunoglobulins, Cytokine Profiles and Infant Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinwe O. Ewenighi-Amankwah ◽  
Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe ◽  
Ogochukwu Udemba ◽  
Patience Muogbo ◽  
Lijun Rong
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Transmission Study ◽  
Infant Outcome ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals FCGR2A and FCGR3A Genotypes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mother-to-Child Transmission

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Milligan ◽  
Barbra A. Richardson ◽  
Grace John-Stewart ◽  
Ruth Nduati ◽  
Julie Overbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background.  Fc-mediated effector functions have been suggested to influence human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and disease progression. Analyzing the role of host Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) polymorphisms on HIV outcome in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) will increase our understanding of how host genetics may alter immune responses in prevention, therapy, and disease. This study analyzed the impact of FCGR2A and FCGR3A genotypes on MTCT in a cohort in which Fc-mediated antibody functions are predictive of infant HIV outcome. Methods.  Human immunodeficiency virus-positive mothers and their infants from a historical MTCT cohort were genotyped for FCGR2A and FCGR3A. We assessed the impact of these genotypes on transmission and acquisition of HIV and disease progression using χ2 tests, survival analyses, and logistic regression. Results.  Among 379 mother-infant pairs, infant FCGR2A and FCGR3A genotypes were not associated with infant HIV infection or disease progression. Maternal FCGR2A was not associated with transmission, but there was a trend between maternal FCGR3A genotype and transmission (P = .07). When dichotomizing mothers into FCGR3A homozygotes and heterozygotes, heterozygotes had a 64.5% higher risk of transmission compared with homozygotes (P = .02). This risk was most evident in the early breastfeeding window, but a trend was only observed when restricting analyses to breastfeeding mothers (hazards ratio, 1.64; P = .064). Conclusions.  Infant FCGR2A and FCGR3A genotypes were not associated with HIV infection or disease progression, and, thus, host FcγR genotype may not significantly impact vaccination or therapeutic regimens that depend on Fc-mediated antibody functions. Maternal FCGR3A genotype may influence early breastfeeding transmission risk, but more studies should be conducted to clarify this association and its mechanism.

scholarly journals Monitoring Prevention Impact of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Concentrated Epidemics With Program and Survey Data (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thuy Van Nguyen ◽  
Keith Sabin ◽  
Thi Quynh Trang Ho ◽  
Ai Kim Anh Le ◽  
Chika Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

BACKGROUND The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV program was introduced in Vietnam in 2005. Despite the scaling up of PMTCT programs, the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Vietnam was estimated as high as 20% in 2013. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of PMTCT and identified factors associated with mother-to-child transmission and infant survival using survey and program data in a high HIV burden province in Vietnam. METHODS This community-based retrospective cohort study observed pregnant women diagnosed with HIV infection in Thai Nguyen province from October 2008 to December 2012. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and through reviews of log books and medical charts in antenatal care and HIV clinics. Logistic regression and survival analysis were used to analyze data using Stata (StataCorp). RESULTS A total of 172 pregnant women living with HIV were identified between 2008 and 2012. Most of these women had acquired the HIV infection from their husband (77/119, 64.7%). Significant improvement in the PMTCT program was documented, including reduction in late diagnosis of HIV for pregnant women from 62.5% in 2008 to 30% in 2012. Access to antiretrovirals (ARVs) improved, increasing from a rate of 18.2% (2008) to 70.0% (2011) for mothers and from 36.4% (2008) to 93.3% (2012) for infants. For infants, early diagnosis within 2 months of birth reached 66.7% in 2012 compared with 16.7% in 2009. Transmission rate reduced from 27.3% in 2008 to 6.7% in 2012. Late diagnosis was associated with increased risk for HIV transmission (odds ratio [OR] 14.7, 95% CI 1.8-121.4, P=.01), whereas ARV therapy for mother and infant in combination with infant formula feeding were associated with reduced risk for HIV transmission (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.001-0.1; P<.001). Overall survival rate for HIV-exposed infants at 12 months was 97.7%. CONCLUSIONS A combination of program and survey data measured the impact of prevention of HIV transmission from mother-to-child interventions. Significant improvement in access to the interventions was documented in Thai Nguyen province. However, factors that increased the risk of HIV transmission, such as late diagnosis, remain to be addressed.

HIV/AIDS and Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhara Chandrashekhara ◽  
Sandeepkumar O
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

Children are innocent victims of HIV infection through vertical transmission. Children who are HIV positive, either through mother-to-child transmission or following sexual abuse, are often not told what could happen to them, and they will certainly be frightened when they experience symptoms.

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