Evolution of the Human Craniofacial Skeleton, Frequency of Dentofacial Deformities, and Implications for Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Posnick
Keyword(s):  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Dentofacial Deformities

Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of Craniofacial Anomalies: Applications and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1469-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Carrie E. Zimmerman ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Correct Structure

Purpose Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) often result in growth abnormalities of the facial skeleton adversely affecting function and appearance. The functional problems caused by the structural anomalies include upper airway obstruction, speech abnormalities, feeding difficulty, hearing deficits, dental/occlusal defects, and cognitive and psychosocial impairment. Managing disorders of the craniofacial skeleton has been improved by the technique known as distraction osteogenesis (DO). In DO, new bone growth is stimulated allowing bones to be lengthened without need for bone graft. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the technique and clinical applications and outcomes of DO in CFA. Conclusion Distraction can be applied to various regions of the craniofacial skeleton to correct structure and function. The benefits of this procedure include improved airway, feeding, occlusion, speech, and appearance, resulting in a better quality of life for patients with CFA.

Pediatric Fronto-Orbital Skull Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Ferry ◽  
Rami P. Dibbs ◽  
Shayan M. Sarrami ◽  
Amjed Abu-Ghname ◽  
Han Zhuang Beh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Orbital Reconstruction ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Orbital Region

AbstractCraniofacial surgery in children is a highly challenging discipline that requires extensive knowledge of craniofacial anatomy and pathology. Insults to the fronto-orbital skeleton have the potential to inflict significant morbidity and even mortality in patients due to its proximity to the central nervous system. In addition, significant aesthetic and ophthalmologic disturbances frequently accompany these insults. Craniosynostosis, facial trauma, and craniofacial tumors are all pathologies that frequently affect the fronto-orbital region of the craniofacial skeleton in children. While the mechanisms of these pathologies vary greatly, the underlying principles of reconstruction remain the same. Despite the limited data in certain areas of fronto-orbital reconstruction in children, significant innovations have greatly improved its safety and efficacy. It is imperative that further investigations of fronto-orbital reconstruction are undertaken so that craniofacial surgeons may provide optimal care for these patients.

Ivory Osteoma of the Craniofacial Skeleton

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan de Chalain ◽  
Beryl Tan
Keyword(s):  
Craniofacial Skeleton

scholarly journals More than Meets the Eye: Functionally Salient Changes in Internal Bone Architecture Accompany Divergence in Cichlid Feeding Mode

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Craig Albertson ◽  
W. James Cooper ◽  
Kenneth A. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Foraging Mode ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Adaptive Radiations ◽  
African Cichlids

African cichlids have undergone extensive and repeated adaptive radiations in foraging habitat. While the external morphology of the cichlid craniofacial skeleton has been studied extensively, biomechanically relevant changes to internal bone architecture have been largely overlooked. Here we explore two fundamental questions: (1) Do changes in the internal architecture of bone accompany shifts in foraging mode? (2) What is the genetic basis for this trait? We focus on the maxilla, which is an integral part of the feeding apparatus and an element that should be subjected to significant bending forces during biting. Analyses of μCT scans revealed clear differences between the maxilla of two species that employ alternative foraging strategies (i.e., biting versus suction feeding). Hybrids between the two species exhibit maxillary geometries that closely resemble those of the suction feeding species, consistent with a dominant mode of inheritance. This was supported by the results of a genetic mapping experiment, where suction feeding alleles were dominant to biting alleles at two loci that affect bone architecture. Overall, these data suggest that the internal structure of the cichlid maxilla has a tractable genetic basis and that discrete shifts in this trait have accompanied the evolution of alternate feeding modes.

scholarly journals Long-term Follow-up of Craniofacial Alterations in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinka Twilt ◽  
Alcuin J. M. Schulten ◽  
Birte Prahl-Andersen ◽  
Lisette W. A. van Suijlekom-Smit
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Angular Measurements

Abstract Objective: To investigate changes in the craniofacial skeleton in relation to the changes in condylar alterations that occur during long-term follow-up in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Materials and Methods: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement is defined as a condylar alteration that is observed on the orthopantomogram. Lateral cephalograms were used to determine linear and angular measurements. Results: Seventy of 97 patients from the initial study cohort were included, with a mean follow-up of 68 months. The overall prevalence of condylar alterations and posterior rotation of the mandible decreased; however, the prevalence of retrognathia remained the same. Patients showed improvement in the degree of retrognathia and posterior rotation (40% ANB, 51% OP-SN, and 44% GO-GN-SN). Improvement in the degree of retrognathia was seen more often in patients with improved condylar alterations than in patients with persistent alterations and in those without alterations (50%, 33%, and 28%, respectively). The degree of posterior rotation improved almost equally in patients without TMJ involvement and in patients with improved condylar alterations (57% and 50% by OP-SN, and 67% and 38% GO-GN-SN, respectively) and did not improve in patients with stable persistent alterations. Conclusion: Both condylar and craniofacial alterations can improve in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Volume Maintenance of Inlay Bone Grafts in the Craniofacial Skeleton

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 802-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Rosenthal ◽  
Steven R. Buchman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton
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