Pediatric Fronto-Orbital Skull Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Ferry ◽  
Rami P. Dibbs ◽  
Shayan M. Sarrami ◽  
Amjed Abu-Ghname ◽  
Han Zhuang Beh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Orbital Reconstruction ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Orbital Region

AbstractCraniofacial surgery in children is a highly challenging discipline that requires extensive knowledge of craniofacial anatomy and pathology. Insults to the fronto-orbital skeleton have the potential to inflict significant morbidity and even mortality in patients due to its proximity to the central nervous system. In addition, significant aesthetic and ophthalmologic disturbances frequently accompany these insults. Craniosynostosis, facial trauma, and craniofacial tumors are all pathologies that frequently affect the fronto-orbital region of the craniofacial skeleton in children. While the mechanisms of these pathologies vary greatly, the underlying principles of reconstruction remain the same. Despite the limited data in certain areas of fronto-orbital reconstruction in children, significant innovations have greatly improved its safety and efficacy. It is imperative that further investigations of fronto-orbital reconstruction are undertaken so that craniofacial surgeons may provide optimal care for these patients.

scholarly journals Pharmacologic Treatment of Meningitis and Encephalitis in Adult Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Treister ◽  
Ines P. Koerner
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
General Management ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Key Steps

AbstractMeningitis and encephalitis are two inflammatory, often infectious, disorders of the meninges and the central nervous system. Both are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and require early and aggressive targeted treatment. This article reviews pharmacologic treatment strategies for infectious meningitis and encephalitis, using the latest available research and guidelines. It provides an overview of empiric antimicrobial treatment approaches for a variety of organisms, including a discussion of trends in antibiotic resistance where applicable. Key steps in diagnosis and general management are briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals Neuro-Osteology

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuro-osteology stresses the biological connection during development between nerve and hard tissues. It is a perspective that has developed since associations were first described between pre-natal peripheral nerve tissue and initial osseous bone formation in the craniofacial skeleton (Kjær, 1990a). In this review, the normal connection between the central nervous system and the axial skeleton and between the peripheral nervous system and jaw formation are first discussed. The early central nervous system (the neural tube) and the axial skeleton from the lumbosacral region to the sella turcica forms a unit, since both types of tissue are developmentally dependent upon the notochord. In different neurological disorders, the axial skeleton, including the pituitary gland, is malformed in different ways along the original course of the notochord. Anterior to the pituitary gland/sella turcica region, the craniofacial skeleton develops from prechordal cartilage, invading mesoderm and neural crest cells. Also, abnormal development in the craniofacial region, such as tooth agenesis, is analyzed neuro-osteologically. Results from pre-natal investigations provide information on the post-natal diagnosis of children with congenital developmental disorders in the central nervous system. Examples of these are myelomeningocele and holoprosencephaly. Three steps are important in clinical neuro-osteology: (1) clinical definition of the region of an osseous or dental malformation, (2) embryological determination of the origin of that region and recollection of which neurological structure has developed from the same region, and (3) clinical diagnosis of this neurological structure. If neurological malformation is the first symptom, step 2 results in the determination of the osseous region involved, which in step 3 is analyzed clinically. The relevance of future neuro-osteological diagnostics is emphasized.

Haemangioblastoma

2019 ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Donald McArthur ◽  
Ammar Natalwala
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Rapid Disease Progression ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Benign Tumours ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome

Haemangioblastomas are rare and benign tumours which favour the infratentorial structures in the central nervous system. Around 30% of these tumours are associated with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, which if the diagnosis is missed can lead to rapid disease progression and significant morbidity and mortality. Complete surgical resection is the main treatment but other techniques including stereotactic radiosurgery are described in this chapter. Screening for Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), the optimal timing, and mode of treatment remain controversial due to the diversity of clinical presentation in these patients. This chapter also outlines the general principles of managing patients with haemangioblastomas and the factors which impact on prognosis.

scholarly journals Regulatory policies on medicines for psychiatric disorders: is Europe on target?

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Barbui ◽  
Silvio Garattini
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Marketing Authorisation ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

SummaryThe European Medicines Agency (EMEA) is the regulatory body that provides the institutions of the European Community with the best possible scientific advice on the quality, safety and efficacy of medicinal products. Drugs approved by the EMEA are automatically marketable in all the European member states. Since the beginning of the EMEA's activities a number of drugs acting on the central nervous system obtained marketing authorisation. This editorial highlights some aspects of the EMEA rules that may negatively affect the evaluation of medicines for psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Successful Bosutinib Experience in an Elderly Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient with Suspected Central Nervous System Involvement Transformed from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erden Atilla ◽  
Pinar Ataca ◽  
Elif Ozyurek ◽  
Ilhan Erden ◽  
Gunhan Gurman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Blast Phase ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Managing the blast phase in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is challenging because limited data are available for elderly patients. The involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) increases the risk of a poor prognosis. Here, we present an elderly blast phase CML patient with suspected CNS involvement who was successfully treated with bosutinib.

Meningomas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Taylor ◽  
Patrick Y. Wen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Common Site ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Slow Growing

Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor diagnosed in adults. Arising from the arachnoid (meningothelial) cells of the inner layer of the dura, they are often slow growing, but can lead to significant morbidity. They can invade through the outer layer of dura into overlying bone or skin, or into critical bordering structures such as the cavernous sinus or orbits, or encase cerebral blood vessels. These limitations can make surgical resection difficult if not impossible in some circumstance. However, they rarely metastasize outside the central nervous system (CNS), with the lungs being the most common site seen with higher-grade tumors.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of NNRTI Within the Central Nervous System

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jürgen von Giesen ◽  
Hubertus Köller ◽  
Dominique de Nocker ◽  
Bernhard A. Haslinger ◽  
Gabriele Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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