This chapter reviews (with illustrative videos) disorders of gaze in
diseases involving the basal ganglia, including Parkinson’s disease,
progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), hyperkinetic movement syndromes
such as oculogyric crisis, and Huntington’s disease. Ocular motor
syndromes caused by lesions in the cerebral hemispheres are discussed,
including gaze deviations. Distinctive features of ocular motor
apraxia, both acquired and congenital, are highlighted. Eye movements
during epilepsy, and abnormal eye movements in patients with dementia,
including Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are reviewed. Eye movement disorders in
psychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar affective
disorder, and autism are summarized. Eye movements in stupor and coma
are discussed. The range of ocular motor disturbances in multiple
sclerosis (MS) is reviewed as well as the ocular motor manifestations
of metabolic and deficiency disorders, including Niemann-Pick disease,
Tay-Sachs disease, Gaucher’s disease, and Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Disorders of eye movements induced by drugs or toxins are
tabulated.
