scholarly journals Fish in habitats with higher motorboat disturbance show reduced sensitivity to motorboat noise

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 20180441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry R. Harding ◽  
Timothy A. C. Gordon ◽  
Rachel E. Hsuan ◽  
Alex C. E. Mackaness ◽  
Andrew N. Radford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Disturbance History ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
The Past

Anthropogenic noise can negatively impact many taxa worldwide. It is possible that in noisy, high-disturbance environments, the range and severity of impacts could diminish over time, but the influence of previous disturbance remains untested in natural conditions. This study demonstrates the effects of motorboat noise on the physiology of an endemic cichlid fish in Lake Malawi. Exposure to motorboats (driven 20–100 m from fish) and loudspeaker playback of motorboat noise both elevated the oxygen-consumption rate at a single lower-disturbance site, characterized by low historic and current motorboat activity. Repeating this assay at further lower-disturbance sites revealed a consistent effect of elevated oxygen consumption in response to motorboat disturbance. However, when similar trials were repeated at four higher-disturbance sites, no effect of motorboat exposure was detected. These results demonstrate that disturbance history can affect local population responses to noise. Action regarding noise pollution should consider the past, as well as the present, when planning for the future.

Mapping the origin of faunal assemblages using strontium isotopes

Paleobiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Porder ◽  
Adina Paytan ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hadly
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Sr Isotopes ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
The Past

One of the greatest challenges in using faunal assemblages to make ecological or paleoecological interpretations is determining the spatial scale over which such analyses are applicable. As a result, it has been difficult to use these assemblages to test hypotheses about spatial and temporal variability in populations. Here we show that it is possible to use strontium (Sr) isotopes from bones and vegetation to statistically constrain the area sampled in two Holocene predator accumulations in northeastern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Previous studies have used these sites to elucidate local population responses to climatic change, by assuming that the specimens originated within ~5 km of the site. We used Sr analyses to construct a likelihood curve that describes the probability that our samples were collected within a given radius of each site. Our results indicate that the specimens in both sites were derived from non-overlapping populations and that the collection radius has not changed detectably over the past 3000 years. This work underscores the promise of this technique for ascribing source areas to paleontological, biological, and ecological specimens.

Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoir

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Mazurkiewicz-Boroń ◽  
Teresa Bednarz ◽  
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Release ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Ion Contents

Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoirIndices of microbial efficiency (expressed as oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release) were determined in the water column of the meromictic Piaseczno Reservoir (in an opencast sulphur mine), which is rich in sulphur compounds. Phytoplankton abundances were low in both the mixolimnion (up to 15 m depth) and monimolimnion (below 15 m depth). In summer and winter, carbon dioxide release was 3-fold and 5-fold higher, respectively, in the monimolimnion than in the mixolimnion. Laboratory enrichments of the sulphur substrate of the water resulted in a decrease in oxygen consumption rate of by about 42% in mixolimnion samples, and in the carbon dioxide release rate by about 69% in monimolimnion samples. Water temperature, pH and bivalent ion contents were of major importance in shaping the microbial metabolic efficiency in the mixolimnion, whilst in the monimolimnion these relationships were not evident.

scholarly journals Correction: Paszkiewicz et al. A Peripheral CB1R Antagonist Increases Lipolysis, Oxygen Consumption Rate, and Markers of Beiging in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Similar to RIM, Suggesting That Central Effects Can Be Avoided. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6639

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Paszkiewicz ◽  
Richard N. Bergman ◽  
Roberta S. Santos ◽  
Aaron P. Frank ◽  
Orison O. Woolcott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Central Effects

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

scholarly journals Necrostatin-1 Supplementation to Islet Tissue Culture Enhances the In-Vitro Development and Graft Function of Young Porcine Islets

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8367
Author(s):  
Hien Lau ◽  
Shiri Li ◽  
Nicole Corrales ◽  
Samuel Rodriguez ◽  
Mohammadreza Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Porcine Islets ◽  
Vitro Development

Pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs) represent an unlimited source for islet transplantation but are functionally immature. We previously showed that necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) immediately after islet isolation enhanced the in vitro development of PPIs. Here, we examined the impact of Nec-1 on the in vivo function of PPIs after transplantation in diabetic mice. PPIs were isolated from pancreata of 8–15-day-old, pre-weaned pigs and cultured in media alone, or supplemented with Nec-1 (100 µM) on day 0 or on day 3 of culture (n = 5 for each group). On day 7, islet recovery, viability, oxygen consumption rate, insulin content, cellular composition, insulin secretion capacity, and transplant outcomes were evaluated. While islet viability and oxygen consumption rate remained high throughout 7-day tissue culture, Nec-1 supplementation on day 3 significantly improved islet recovery, insulin content, endocrine composition, GLUT2 expression, differentiation potential, proliferation capacity of endocrine cells, and insulin secretion. Adding Nec-1 on day 3 of tissue culture enhanced the islet recovery, proportion of delta cells, beta-cell differentiation and proliferation, and stimulation index. In vivo, this leads to shorter times to normoglycemia, better glycemic control, and higher circulating insulin. Our findings identify the novel time-dependent effects of Nec-1 supplementation on porcine islet quantity and quality prior to transplantation.

Impact of Major Highways on the Wildlife Population in Kingston and Frontenac County

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Robinson ◽  
Gavin Mclaughlin ◽  
Michael O'Meara ◽  
Hilary Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Wildlife Populations

Over the past five years, there has been an abundance of interest concerning the ecological effects of major Ontario highways on the habitats and ecosystems of many wildlife populations. The primary concern with multilane, high-traffic freeways is that they typically divide existing habitats into relatively isolated zones. Consequently, this separates individuals within a population from other members of the same population, and also excludes access to many natural resources. The majority of the resultant issues for wildlife fall under three main categories; the collision based mortalities of organisms and the consequences on local residents, the halting of gene flow amongst the wildlife populations, and the physical intrusion and/or noise pollution adversely affecting the quality of habitat for local species. Based on these concerning issues, it is crucial for a sustainable solution to be developed and implemented in appropriate areas within Kingston and the surrounding Frontenac County. Our approach involves an extensive literature review, which will assist us in observing similar problems around the globe, as well as various solutions that have been executed to fix these said problems. Furthermore, we will conduct a thorough investigation of local organizations’ existing studies to obtain relevant data and statistics which will assist us in determining the effects high-traffic freeways have on the surrounding ecological environment. It is through this research that we hope to present valid findings on the multilane highways impact to local ecosystems and landscapes, as well as produce possible planning options for intervention and suggest key areas for further examination.

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