scholarly journals Thatcher, Scientist

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Agar
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Women Scientists ◽  
World War ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Research Scientist ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Industrial Chemist

This paper has two halves. First, I piece together what we know about Margaret Thatcher's training and employment as a scientist. She took science subjects at school; she studied chemistry at Oxford, arriving during World War II and coming under the influence (and comment) of two excellent women scientists, Janet Vaughan and Dorothy Hodgkin. She did a fourth-year dissertation on X-ray crystallography of gramicidin just after the war. She then gathered four years' experience as a working industrial chemist, at British Xylonite Plastics and at Lyons. Second, my argument is that, having lived the life of a working research scientist, she had a quite different view of science from that of any other minister responsible for science. This is crucial in understanding her reaction to the proposals—associated with the Rothschild reforms of the early 1970s—to reinterpret aspects of science policy in market terms. Although she was strongly pressured by bodies such as the Royal Society to reaffirm the established place of science as a different kind of entity—one, at least at core, that was unsuitable to marketization—Thatcher took a different line.

The Evolution of X-Ray Instrumentation at Rich. Seifert & Co.

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
A. Haase
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
German Language ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
World War ◽  
Executive Management ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Max Von Laue

To facilitate orientation in time, some selected events will be briefly presented. Approximately five hundred years ago, Columbus discovered America. One hundred years ago, on November 8th, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad R6ntgen discovered the X-rays which in the German language are called after him. In 1912 Max von Laue conducted the first X-ray diffraction experiment. In 1892 Richard Seifert Sr. founded the Electrotechnical Plant in Hamburg. After World War I (1914-1918) the company founder gradually handed the firm over to his son Richard Seifert Jr. After his son had completed studies in physics and electrical engineering he conducted pioneering experiments on the application of X-rays in science and technology. From the very beginning, X-ray equipment was produced in the three fields of medicine, science and technology. It was only ten years after World War II (1939-1945) that the line of medical equipment was discontinued and the daughter [1] as a member of the third generation gradually took over executive management tasks.

Introductory remarks

1977 ◽  
Vol 287 (1346) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Review ◽  
Civil Government

The following papers were all presented at a two-day meeting of the Royal Society on 28 and 29 October 1976. The purpose of the meeting was to review the progress of the subject since its introduction into industry and civil government after World War II . After an introductory review , the papers were grouped into two parts.

scholarly journals Patricia Hannah Clarke. 29 July 1919 — 28 January 2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
W. J. Brammar
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Microbial Evolution ◽  
World War ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Dedicated Service ◽  
University College London ◽  
The University

Patricia Hannah Clarke was a distinguished British biochemist and microbiologist who won an international reputation for her work on microbial evolution. After completing the Natural Sciences Tripos at the University of Cambridge at the beginning of World War II, she chose to work for the Armaments Research Department, before moving into microbiological research on bacterial toxoids. She was appointed to an assistant lectureship in biochemistry at University College London in 1953, eventually becoming Professor of Microbial Biochemistry in 1974. Her pioneering work on the directed evolution of bacterial metabolic capability led to her election to Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1976. Patricia gave dedicated service to the scientific community through her many years of committee work with the Royal Society, the Biochemical Society and the Society for General Microbiology. She was a passionate advocate of the importance of equal opportunities for women in education and scientific careers.

American Science Policy since World War II

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Susan E. Cozzens ◽  
Bruce L. R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
World War ◽  
American Science

The Royal Society, its Fellows and industrial R&D in the mid twentieth century

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M. Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
New Products ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Commentators and politicians have frequently argued that the performance of the British economy could be significantly improved by paying more attention to the translation of the results of scientific research into new products and processes. They have frequently suggested that deficiencies in achieving this are part of a long-standing national malaise and regularly point to a few well-worn examples to support their contention. What are conspicuous by their absence from these debates are detailed and contextual studies that actually examine the nature of the interactions between scientists and industry and how these changed over time. This paper provides one such study by examining three aspects of the relationship between the Royal Society, its Fellows and industrial R&D during the mid twentieth century. It looks first at the enthusiasm for industrial research to be found across the political spectrum after World War II before examining the election as Fellows of the Royal Society of men who worked in industry at the time of their election. Finally it considers the extent to which industrial R&D was incorporated into the way in which the Royal Society presented itself to the outside world through its Conversazione. Despite the absence of formal structures to translate the results of the work of scientists employed in other institutional contexts to industry, there is much evidence to indicate that there were plenty of other opportunities for the exchange of information to take place.

scholarly journals Terrazzo floor from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw – mineralogical characterization, conservation and impact of fire

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wojciech Bartz ◽  
Jacek Martusewicz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Thermal Impact ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
World War ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Repair Mortars

Abstract Samples of historical terrazzo floor from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, dated back to the thirties of the twentieth century, have been analysed. Investigations by polarised optical microscopy, scanning microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis were preformed. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that terrazzo tiles were prepared on the basis of ordinary Portland cement and aggregate, dominated with crushed stone (marble, serpentinite, limestone and marl), accompanied by sparse quartz sand grains. The binding mass was colourised with the use of pigments containing iron ions. The occurrence of altered serpentinite and marble grains, the latter clouded and partly replaced with micrite, the presence of portlandite, indicate the terrazzo tiles were subjected to thermal impact. This is related to the fire that took place at the beginning of World War II. Based on this study, repair mortars were formulated, on one hand compatible with the authentic ones, on the other retaining traces of fire.

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