Places of ‘invention and discovery’ and the Nobel Prize in Physics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Orrman-Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Royal Swedish Academy ◽  
Nobel Prizes ◽  
Nobel Laureates ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Research Excellence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The Nobel Prize has acted as a surrogate record of invention and discovery throughout the twentieth century. Based on this surrogacy, many claims are made regarding both trends in research and claims for places of research excellence. In this paper I propose that any analysis should be weighted by the ‘prize share’ made by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to each recipient. In addition, I argue for a focus on the organization and period when the prize-winning research was carried out, rather than when the award was made and the often quoted ‘affiliated organization at the time of award’. I use this to briefly examine types of invention and discovery for all Nobel Prizes in Physics awarded to date (1901–2019). I then use this ‘place’ lens to briefly explore trends in invention and discovery in the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physics. I conclude by drawing attention to the difference between institutions claiming Nobel Laureates and institutions where Nobel Prize-winning discoveries and inventions have been made.

India's Physics and Chemistry Nobel Prize nominators and nominees in colonial and international context

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Third World ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
International Context ◽  
Nobel Prizes

In India the development of modern science is closely related to its colonial background, a subject well documented by historians. So far as the prestigious Nobel Prizes are concerned, little has been mentioned in the colonial context. This article shows that in the first half of the twentieth century only a few Indian physicists and chemists were either nominees or nominators. Some of them were Fellows of the Royal Society. A comparison of Indian Nobel Prize nominators and nominees with other so-called Third World countries and colonies suggests some interesting results, for example the similarities of development of physics and chemistry in the colonized and ruling countries. The present article also suggests that the election of the Fellows of the Royal Society from India, in the fields of physics and chemistry, reveals a pattern comparable with that of Nobel Prize nominations and nominees.

scholarly journals Cliometrics and the Nobel

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Royal Swedish Academy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In October 1993, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics to Robert William Fogel and Douglass Cecil North ‘for having renewed research in economic history.’ The Academy noted that ‘they were pioneers in the branch of economic history that has been called the ‘new economic history,’ or ‘cliometrics." In this paper, the author addresses what this cliometrics is and how these two Nobel Prize winners furthered the discipline of economics.

scholarly journals STEM Education for Girls and Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISDL
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Royal Swedish Academy ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The award of the 2020 Noble Prize in chemistry by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to Dr Emmanuel Charpentier and Dr Jennifer A. Doudna for the development of a method for genome editing does not only highlight the potential and promise that girls and women hold in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields, but also that girls and women can excel to the highest level and achieve prominence in these careers. Sadly though, Dr Charpentier and Dr Doudna are only the sixth and seventh women, out of a total of 185 individuals, to have won the Nobel Prize in chemistry since the annual prize was awarded in 1901.i This implies that in the history of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, for every female winner there are 26 male winners. And in the history of all the Nobel Prizes in the sciences, there have been 20 female laureates of the more than 600 prizes awarded in physiology or medicine, chemistry and physics. These ratios reflect the gender disparity and inequality that exists in STEM fields globally.

Bitter Roots: Finance and Social Democracy between the Wars

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Avner Offer ◽  
Gabriel Söderberg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Nobel Prizes ◽  
And Control

This chapter explains the history and context behind the origins of the Nobel Prize in economics. When founded in 1968, the Nobel Prize in economics was a delayed artefact of the quest to understand and control financial and business cycles in the twentieth century. Like the original Nobel Prizes, it was endowed from the bounty of a single benefactor, in this case the governor of the Riksbank, Sweden's central bank. While Alfred Nobel's motivation was sublime, and the money came out of his will, the chain of causes for the economics prize was something of a farce, and was paid for by Swedish taxpayers. How it came about cannot be separated from what it is about, and the context is more telling than the prize itself. It was a belated incident in one of the central plots of modern history — the distributional struggle between the owners of wealth and the rest of society. In an ironic twist, this late-coming Nobel was authorized by Swedish Social Democracy in the course of its long stand-off with Swedish capitalism, in the belief that it did not matter. But it did.

The electronic nobel museum

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Nils Ringertz ◽  
Hans Mehlin ◽  
Agneta Wallin Levinovitz
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Nobel Prizes ◽  
Special Version ◽  
Nobel Laureates ◽  
Science And Culture

The Nobel Foundation and the Nobel Prize-Awarding Institutions plan to celebrate the centenary of the first Nobel Prizes in 2001 by expanding the Nobel Website (http://www.nobel.se) on Internet into an Electronic Nobel Museum (ENM) of science and culture. A special version will be designed for local networks (intranets) within museums. The ENM focuses on the achievements of the Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace, but will also include the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. The Laureates are presented by portraits and their autobiographies. Other sections will be devoted to Alfred Nobel and the Nobel Institutions, Nobel Essays, a Library, and Virtual Exhibitions. A Young Scholars section will use animated and interactive documents to interest students in the Prize areas.

The Early Days of Neutron Scattering

1994 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford G. Shull
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Present State ◽  
Royal Swedish Academy ◽  
Nobel Laureates ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

I am sure that Bertram Brockhouse would join me, if he were present with us, in saying how immensely grateful we are to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for affording us the high honor of being named Nobel Laureates in recent days. Being selected as such is a dream for any scientist who hopes that his work will prove useful to others. It is especially gratifying to me to have met at this symposium with so many of you who have contributed greatly to bringing this field of neutron scattering to its present state of usefulness and prominence.

scholarly journals The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie André
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Southern California ◽  
University Of Southern California ◽  
Royal Swedish Academy ◽  
Multiscale Models ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On Wednesday, 9 October 2013, which was the scheduled date of the official announcement of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the permanent secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Professor Staffan Normark announced that the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was to be awarded jointly to Martin Karplus (Harvard and Strasbourg), Michael Levitt (Stanford), and Arieh Warshel (University of Southern California at Los Angeles) for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems.

The 1964 Nobel prize in physics

1965 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-389
Author(s):  
N.V. Karlov ◽  
Oleg N. Krokhin
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics
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