Review for "Tweedle proteins form extracellular two-dimensional structures defining body and cell shape in Drosophila melanogaster"

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Two Dimensional

scholarly journals Tweedle proteins form extracellular two-dimensional structures defining body and cell shape in Drosophila melanogaster

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 200214
Author(s):  
Renata Zuber ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
Nicole Gehring ◽  
Slawomir Bartoszewski ◽  
Bernard Moussian
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Posterior Elongation

Tissue function and shape rely on the organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by the respective cells. Our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is limited. Here, we show that extracellular Tweedle (Twdl) proteins in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster form two adjacent two-dimensional sheets underneath the cuticle surface and above a distinct layer of dityrosinylated and probably elastic proteins enwrapping the whole body. Dominant mutations in twdl genes cause ectopic spherical aggregation of Twdl proteins that recruit dityrosinylated proteins at their periphery within lower cuticle regions. These aggregates perturb parallel ridges at the surface of epidermal cells that have been demonstrated to be crucial for body shaping. In one scenario, hence, this disorientation of epidermal ridges may explain the squatty phenotype of Twdl mutant larvae. In an alternative scenario, this phenotype may be due to the depletion of the dityrosinylated and elastic layer, and the consequent weakening of cuticle resistance against the internal hydrostatic pressure. According to Barlow's formula describing the distribution of internal pressure forces in pipes in dependence of pipe wall material properties, it follows that this reduction in turn causes lateral expansion at the expense of the antero-posterior elongation of the body.

scholarly journals Integrative Networks by BRWD3 Regulates Cytoskeleton Organization and Cell Motility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlin Li ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Jihong Cui ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Kefan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Network ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract BackgroundEukaryotic cytoskeleton forms and keeps cell shape, transports intracellular particles and organelles, determines cell motility and other important cellular events. A large number of regulators of cytoskeleton organization have been identified, but the detailed regulatory mechanism still remains obscure. Previous reports suggest that BRWD3 may be a regulator of cytoskeleton organization in Drosophila melanogaster, and influences cell shape. Therefore, we investigated the molecular network of BRWD3 regulating cytoskeleton organization.ResultsIn this study, we observed the alteration of cell shape, cell motility, and proliferation when BRWD3 was knocked down in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The cells were rounded, cell motility decreased when BRWD3 was knocked down. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation combining with sequencing, we found that BRWD3 influenced the cytoskeleton organization, cell shape, and cell motility through regulating expression of the cytoskeleton associative genes including ARF1, ABI2, ARPC3, ARPC1A, RHOC, MEF2C, and VIM.ConclusionsA molecular network by BRWD3 is sketched to elucidate that BRWD3 may not only regulate actin filament but also regulate microtubule and intermediate filament-based cytoskeleton organization. These efforts provide an overview of a BRWD3 network regulating cytoskeleton organization, cell shape and motility, and allow a better understanding of cytoskeleton (re)organization and pathogenesis of mental retardation X-linked 93 and relative carcinomas.

Dmoesin controls actin-based cell shape and polarity during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 782-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Polesello ◽  
Isabelle Delon ◽  
Philippe Valenti ◽  
Pierre Ferrer ◽  
François Payre
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Shape

scholarly journals Dexamethasone induces gelsolin synthesis and altered morphology in L929 cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Lanks ◽  
EJ Kasambalides
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
L929 Cells

When L929 cells are exposed to 5 μg/ml dexamethasone, synthesis of a 90,000 M(r) polypeptide is induced within 12 h. Flattening of the cells begins at about this time and progresses to become quite prominent after 48 h of exposure. Two-dimensional PAGE and partial proteolytic fingerprints identify the 90,000 M(r) polypeptide as gelsolin, a Ca(++)-dependent inhibitor of actin polymerization. Thus, this system provides evidence that gelsolin may have a role in regulating cell shape in response to physiological agents such as glucocorticoids.

scholarly journals GCAT dotplots characterize precisely and imprecisely defined topological features of DNA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet I Collett ◽  
Stephen R Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stop Codons ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Large Intron ◽  
Sequence Elements

Two dimensional graphical dotplotting is adopted to identify sequence elements and their variants in lengths of DNA of up to 10 kb. Named GCAT for identification of precisely defined short sequences and their variants, its use complements the precise matching of many computational programs, including BLAST. Short reiterated search sequences are entered in the Y axis of the dotplot program to be matched at their identical and near identical sites in a sequence of interest entered in the X axis. The result is a barcode like representation of the identified sequence elements along the X axis of the dotplot. Alignments of searches and sequence landmarks provide visualization of composition and juxtapositions. The method is described here by example of characterizations of three distinctive sequences available in the annotated Drosophila melanogaster reference genome (www.flybase.org): the Jonah 99C gene region, the transcript of Dipeptidase B and the transposable element roo. Surprising observations emerging from these explorations include in frame STOP codons in the large exonic intron of Dip-B, high A content of the replicative strand of roo as TE example and similarities of its ORF and the large intron of Dip B.

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