scholarly journals Eversion and withdrawal of an intromittent organ before sexual maturation prepares male beetles for copulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 161029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Matsumura ◽  
Takuya Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Active State ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Spermathecal Duct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coiled State

Some species of criocerine beetles have a hyper-elongated part of the intromittent organ called a flagellum. In resting position, the flagellum is stored in a specialized internal sac in the intromittent organ. This specialized state of the flagellum and internal sac is indispensable during copulation for flagellar insertion into the female spermathecal duct for sperm transfer. However, the morphogenesis of the flagellum does not generate the active state of the flagellum; rather, the flagellum is generated in an inactive and completely coiled state. After eclosion, males of Lema coronata evert and withdraw the internal sac multiple times before sexual maturation, without mounting a female. This behaviour serves to uncoil the flagellum and guide it into the active state with the aid of surface structures on the internal sac. A closely related species, Lema dilecta , also has a long flagellum and undergoes the same behaviour to place the flagellum in the active position. However, some other species of criocerine beetles with much shorter flagella can attain the active state without exhibiting this behaviour. Based on a previously proposed phylogenetic tree, we discuss the evolutionary history of the hyper-elongation of the flagellum and associated behaviour.

THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF DROSOPHILA BUZZATII. III. CYTOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TWO SIBLING SPECIES OF THE BUZZATII CLUSTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 503-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ruiz ◽  
A Fontdevila ◽  
M Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
South American ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Drosophila Buzzatii ◽  
Repleta Group ◽  
Chromosomal Data ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Drosophila buzzatii has been found sympatric in Argentina with a closely-related sibling species, D. serido. The biogeographical, reproductive and chromosomal data allow us to combine these species into an evolutionary unit, the buzzatii cluster. Salivary gland chromosomes also have been used to determine their phylogenetic relationships with other closely related species, showing that the buzzatii cluster species share two inversions—2d  2 and 2s  6—with the species of the martensis cluster. Both clusters arose from South American populations of the ancestor of the mulleri complex, and we propose to include D. buzzatii and D. serido in the mulleri complex of the repleta group.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of the Drosophila bipectinata species complex

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTYOM KOPP ◽  
OLGA BARMINA
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Drosophila Bipectinata ◽  
History Of

Groups of recently diverged species offer invaluable glimpses into the history and genetic basis of speciation and phenotypic evolution. In this report, we combine phylogenetic and population-genetic approaches to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Drosophila bipectinata species complex. This complex is a group of four closely related, largely sympatric species – D. bipectinata, D. parabipectinata, D. malerkotliana and D. pseudoananassae. Using the sequences of one mitochondrial and six nuclear loci, we show that D. bipectinata and D. parabipectinata are the two most closely related species, and that together with D. malerkotliana they form a monophyletic clade to which D. pseudoananassae is a relatively distant outgroup. Genetic divergence among D. bipectinata, D. parabipectinata and D. malerkotliana is extremely low, and we estimate that these species diverged only 283000–385000 years ago. We also find that mitochondrial DNA shows evidence of recent gene flow across species boundaries. Despite the low genetic divergence, species of the bipectinata complex show an unusually high degree of morphological differentiation. This contrast underscores the importance of understanding the genetic basis of functional differentiation among closely related species.

scholarly journals Allometry and Interspecific Differences in the Facial Cranium of Two Closely Related Macaque Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Ito ◽  
Takeshi Nishimura ◽  
Masanaru Takai
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
History Of

Interpreting evolutionary history of macaque monkeys from fossil evidence is difficult, because their evolutionary fluctuations in body size might have removed or formed important morphological features differently in each lineage. We employed geometric morphometrics to explore allometric trajectories of craniofacial shape in two closely related species, Macaca fascicularis and M. fuscata. These two species exhibit a single shared allometric trajectory in superoinferior deflection of the anterior face, indicating that the differences in this feature can be explained by size variation. In contrast, two parallel trajectories are demonstrated in craniofacial protrusion, indicating that even if they are comparable in size, M. fuscata has a higher and shorter face than M. fascicularis. The degree of facial protrusion is most likely a critical feature for phyletic evaluation in the fascicularis group. Such analyses in various macaques would help to resolve controversies regarding phyletic interpretations of fossil macaques.

A comparative study of the life histories of Nematodirus battus and N. filicollis, nematode parasites of sheep

Parasitology ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 374-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comparative Description

1. The life history of N. battus is described, and a comparative description of the life history of N. filicollis is given.2. The life histories of these two species are compared with those of N. spathiger and N. helvetianus, two closely related species, and are shown to follow the same basic pattern, with minor variations in timing which appear to be specific in nature, and not related to differences in culture methods or host species.3. The pathogenesis of Nematodirus species is discussed and related to the migration of larvae into the intestinal mucosa during development.

scholarly journals Phylogenomics Reveals Clear Cases of Misclassification and Genus-Wide Phylogenetic Markers for Acinetobacter

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2531-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Mateo-Estrada ◽  
Lucía Graña-Miraglia ◽  
Gamaliel López-Leal ◽  
Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Clear Cases

Abstract The Gram-negative Acinetobacter genus has several species of clear medical relevance. Many fully sequenced genomes belonging to the genus have been published in recent years; however, there has not been a recent attempt to infer the evolutionary history of Acinetobacter with that vast amount of information. Here, through a phylogenomic approach, we established the most up-to-date view of the evolutionary relationships within this genus and highlighted several cases of poor classification, especially for the very closely related species within the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–Acinetobacter baumannii complex (Acb complex). Furthermore, we determined appropriate phylogenetic markers for this genus and showed that concatenation of the top 13 gives a very decent reflection of the evolutionary relationships for the genus Acinetobacter. The intersection between our top markers and previously defined universal markers is very small. In general, our study shows that, although there seems to be hardly any universal markers, bespoke phylogenomic approaches can be used to infer the phylogeny of different bacterial genera. We expect that ad hoc phylogenomic approaches will be the standard in the years to come and will provide enough information to resolve intricate evolutionary relationships like those observed in the Acb complex.

INFERRING PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AVOIDING FORBIDDEN ROOTED TRIPLETS

2006 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
YING-JUN HE ◽  
TRINH N. D. HUYNH ◽  
JESPER JANSSON ◽  
WING-KIN SUNG
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Algorithms ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Tree Network ◽  
History Of ◽  
Overlapping Sets

To construct a phylogenetic tree or phylogenetic network for describing the evolutionary history of a set of species is a well-studied problem in computational biology. One previously proposed method to infer a phylogenetic tree/network for a large set of species is by merging a collection of known smaller phylogenetic trees on overlapping sets of species so that no (or as little as possible) branching information is lost. However, little work has been done so far on inferring a phylogenetic tree/network from a specified set of trees when in addition, certain evolutionary relationships among the species are known to be highly unlikely. In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing a phylogenetic tree/network which is consistent with all of the rooted triplets in a given set [Formula: see text] and none of the rooted triplets in another given set [Formula: see text]. Although NP-hard in the general case, we provide some efficient exact and approximation algorithms for a number of biologically meaningful variants of the problem.

Molecular markers reconstruct the invasion history of variable leaf watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum) and distinguish it from closely related species

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1687-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Thum ◽  
Matthew P. Zuellig ◽  
Robert L. Johnson ◽  
Michael L. Moody ◽  
Charles Vossbrinck
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Proteomic similarity of the Littorinid snails in the evolutionary context

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina L. Maltseva ◽  
Marina A. Varfolomeeva ◽  
Arseniy A. Lobov ◽  
Polina Tikanova ◽  
Marina Panova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

Background The introduction of DNA-based molecular markers made a revolution in biological systematics. However, in cases of very recent divergence events, the neutral divergence may be too slow, and the analysis of adaptive part of the genome is more informative to reconstruct the recent evolutionary history of young species. The advantage of proteomics is its ability to reflect the biochemical machinery of life. It may help both to identify rapidly evolving genes and to interpret their functions. Methods Here we applied a comparative gel-based proteomic analysis to several species from the gastropod family Littorinidae. Proteomes were clustered to assess differences related to species, geographic location, sex and body part, using data on presence/absence of proteins in samples and data on protein occurrence frequency in samples of different species. Cluster support was assessed using multiscale bootstrap resampling and the stability of clustering—using cluster-wise index of cluster stability. Taxon-specific protein markers were derived using IndVal method. Proteomic trees were compared to consensus phylogenetic tree (based on neutral genetic markers) using estimates of the Robinson–Foulds distance, the Fowlkes–Mallows index and cophenetic correlation. Results Overall, the DNA-based phylogenetic tree and the proteomic similarity tree had consistent topologies. Further, we observed some interesting deviations of the proteomic littorinid tree from the neutral expectations. (1) There were signs of molecular parallelism in two Littoraria species that phylogenetically are quite distant, but live in similar habitats. (2) Proteome divergence was unexpectedly high between very closely related Littorina fabalis and L. obtusata, possibly reflecting their ecology-driven divergence. (3) Conservative house-keeping proteins were usually identified as markers for cryptic species groups (“saxatilis” and “obtusata” groups in the Littorina genus) and for genera (Littoraria and Echinolittorina species pairs), while metabolic enzymes and stress-related proteins (both potentially adaptively important) were often identified as markers supporting species branches. (4) In all five Littorina species British populations were separated from the European mainland populations, possibly reflecting their recent phylogeographic history. Altogether our study shows that proteomic data, when interpreted in the context of DNA-based phylogeny, can bring additional information on the evolutionary history of species.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Patterns in the Genus Homo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar A. Shar
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genus Homo ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT The demographic history of Homo sapiens is complex; it involves a wide range of migrations and genetic adaptations. One of the closely related species to Homo sapiens is Neanderthals, which became extinct about 30,000 years ago. The aim of this research is to compare Homo sapiens with Neanderthals and chimpanzees to understand the patterns of inheritance and survival instincts of Homo sapiens. Results show that out of all selected groups of genes in this study, metabolism, and language genes are found to be the most evolving group of genes. This shows that these most evolving genes are contributing to the advancement of Homo sapiens. However, after comparing human intelligence genes with the primates, it is found that exonic regions are contributing more to the evolution of human intelligence hence, making Homo sapiens unique in terms of intelligence.

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