scholarly journals Two-phase equilibrium in binary and ternary systems - IV. The thermodynamic properties of propane

Existing physical and thermal data relative to propane have been summarized and correlated, and some new experimental determinations of pressure-volume-temperature relationships for the liquid at low temperatures have been carried out to make good deficiencies in the literature. On the basis of the information thus obtained the entropy and enthalpy of propane have been calculated for conditions of temperature between — 80 and 200° C, and at pressures of from 0.1 to 200 atm. The results are tabulated and also presented graphically on a temperature base.

The liquid-vapour equilibrium of the system methane-ethylene has been determined at 0, -42 , -78, -88 and -104° C over a wide range of pressures and the results are shown on a pressure-composition-temperature diagram and by a series of pressure-composition curves. The liquid-vapour equilibrium of the ternary system methane-ethane-ethylene has been determined at -104, -78 and 0° C. Values for the two binary systems methane-ethane and methane-ethylene and for the ternary system methane-ethane-ethylene are shown on a composite pressure-composition diagram.


The pressure-temperature-composition data for liquid-vapour equilibrium in the systems carbon dioxide-ethylene and carbon dioxide-propylene are given; the former system is shown to form a series of azeotropes. The plait-point curves and critical constants for the two series of mixtures have been determined.


The conditions of pressure, temperature and composition under which liquid and vapour mixtures are in equilibrium must generally be determined by direct experiment. The thermodynamical relationships connecting them are applicable only when an accurate equation of state is known for the mixture in both phases, or when special circumstances permit the equations to be simplified, such as when the vapour phase may be considered as a perfect gas, or when the laws of perfect solutions may be expected to hold. At sufficiently low pressures and temperatures some such simplification may frequently be made, but at higher pressures and temperatures, more especially near or above the critical point of one of the components, the data needed to calculate the equilibrium conditions are usually unknown and difficult to ascertain. This can be made clear by deriving, as shortly as possible, the principal thermodynamical relationships for a two-phase binary system.


A method of determining the integral flash latent heat of a binary mixture at constant pressure is described and results are given for the system ethylene-carbon dioxide. The experimental results are compared with those calculated from the Duhem-Margules equation.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Rauter ◽  
Olav Galteland ◽  
Máté Erdős ◽  
Othonas A. Moultos ◽  
Thijs J. H. Vlugt ◽  
...  

It is known that thermodynamic properties of a system change upon confinement. To know how, is important for modelling of porous media. We propose to use Hill’s systematic thermodynamic analysis of confined systems to describe two-phase equilibrium in a nanopore. The integral pressure, as defined by the compression energy of a small volume, is then central. We show that the integral pressure is constant along a slit pore with a liquid and vapor in equilibrium, when Young and Young–Laplace’s laws apply. The integral pressure of a bulk fluid in a slit pore at mechanical equilibrium can be understood as the average tangential pressure inside the pore. The pressure at mechanical equilibrium, now named differential pressure, is the average of the trace of the mechanical pressure tensor divided by three as before. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we computed the integral and differential pressures, p ^ and p, respectively, analysing the data with a growing-core methodology. The value of the bulk pressure was confirmed by Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The pressure difference times the volume, V, is the subdivision potential of Hill, ( p − p ^ ) V = ϵ . The combined simulation results confirm that the integral pressure is constant along the pore, and that ϵ / V scales with the inverse pore width. This scaling law will be useful for prediction of thermodynamic properties of confined systems in more complicated geometries.


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