The eigenvalues of the charge operator

It is shown without using perturbation theory that, if charge renormalization is defined in the usual way, the charge operator has the eigenvalue e ( n_-n + ) for a state corresponding to n _ incoming electrons, n + incoming positrons, and an arbitrary number of incoming photons. It is also shown that, in the special case of one incoming electron and no other incoming particles, this leads to the statement that the radiative corrections to the Rutherford formula for the scattering in a weak external field vanish in the non-relativistic limit.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Gupta ◽  
Nemani V. Suryanarayana

Abstract We construct classical theories for scalar fields in arbitrary Carroll spacetimes that are invariant under Carrollian diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations. When the local symmetries are gauge fixed these theories become Carrollian conformal field theories. We show that generically there are at least two types of such theories: one in which only time derivatives of the fields appear and the other in which both space and time derivatives appear. A classification of such scalar field theories in three (and higher) dimensions up to two derivative order is provided. We show that only a special case of our theories arises in the ultra-relativistic limit of a covariant parent theory.


1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 2315-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Papini ◽  
S. -R. Valluri

The radiative corrections of second and third order for the process of photoproduction of gravitons in Coulomb and magnetic dipole fields have been calculated.All divergences have been removed either by charge renormalization or regularization. No approximations have been made in the calculation of the second order cross section. In the third order calculation only the extreme relativistic approximation is given. The forms of the effective Lagrangian, corresponding to the low energy approximations have been determined.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (37) ◽  
pp. 2050307
Author(s):  
B. Hamil ◽  
M. Merad

In this paper, by using the Dirac derivatives the Klein–Gordon (K-G) equation is determined in a [Formula: see text]-Minkowski spacetime. The dispersion relation and the first-order approximation case are deduced. The Feshbach–Villars (FV) equation is derived by applying the new linearization process to the time. We then study the effect of magnetic interaction on energies spectrum in a [Formula: see text]-Minkowski spacetime as an application, as a result we found that the energies spectrum are not symmetrical. We also study the case of hydrogen atom in non-relativistic limit by using perturbation theory. The upper bound of the [Formula: see text]-deformation parameter is evaluate, on the basis of the experimental data for [Formula: see text] transition frequency.


1993 ◽  
Vol 08 (18) ◽  
pp. 1691-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE TRIANTAPHYLLOU

In view of the recent interest in the decays of mesons into a pair of light leptons, a computation of the QED radiative corrections to the decay of π0 into an electron-positron pair is presented here. The analysis is based on the soft-photon resummation method, which, unlike first-order perturbation theory, allows for very strict invariant-mass cuts on the final electrons. When combined with the theoretical estimates for the non-radiatively corrected decay rate, the results of the present paper could help to determine if new physics affect this decay.


Nature ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 168 (4285) ◽  
pp. 1037-1038
Author(s):  
M. DEMEUR

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester L. DeRaad ◽  
Richard J. Ivanetich ◽  
Kimball A. Milton ◽  
Wu-yang Tsai

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