Vacuum ultraviolet emission by active nitrogen. II. The excitation of singlet and triplet states of carbon monoxide by active nitrogen

1972 ◽  
Vol 330 (1580) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Efficient Energy Transfer ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Excited Triplet ◽  
Strong Emission ◽  
Singlet And Triplet States ◽  
Co Emission

The addition of small amounts of carbon monoxide to active nitrogen induces strong emission of the CO fourth positive bands, (A 1 Π—X 1 ∑ + ), which extends up to v ' = 8. The kinetic behaviour of the emission is closely similar to that of the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield emission of N 2 , comprising terms proportional to [N] 2 /([M] + γ) and [N] 3 /[M], the latter being enhanced in argon carriers. It is shown that CO(A 1 Π) is excited by efficient energy transfer from N 2 (a 1 Π g ) and is removed predominantly by radiation. Excited triplet states of N 2 excite triplet states of CO but they do not contribute significantly to singlet CO emission.

Vacuum ultraviolet emission by active nitrogen. III. The absolute rates of population of N 2 (a 1 Π g ) and CO(A 1 Π)

1972 ◽  
Vol 330 (1580) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Simple Pattern ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Detailed Kinetics ◽  
Individual Rate ◽  
Co Concentrations

A study of the detailed kinetics and particularly the CO 2 quenching of CO fourth positive emission from active nitrogen has yielded individual rate coefficients for the energy transfer from N 2 (a 1 Π g ), v = 0, 1 and 2 to CO(A 1 Π), v = 0 - 4. These do not follow any simple pattern. At high CO concentrations, an additional population of CO(A 1 Π), v = 1 and 6 from high levels of N 2 (a 1 Π g ) and (a' 1 ∑ u - ) occurs via the intermediacy of CO(I 1 ∑ - ).

Vacuum ultraviolet emission by active nitrogen. I. The formation and removal of N 2 (a 1 Π g )

1972 ◽  
Vol 330 (1580) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Vibrational Relaxation ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Parallel Processes

The emission of the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands of N 2 (a 1 Π g ) - X 1 ∑ g + ), v ' ≤ 6 in active nitrogen is shown to originate from the recombination of ground state nitrogen atoms. Two parallel processes occur: ( а ) A two-body inverse predissociation populates rotational levels J > 13 of N 2 (a 1 Π g ), v ' = 6, from which there is rapid rotational and vibrational relaxation; this gives an emission intensity proportional to [N] 2 . ( b ) The reaction N( 4 S) + N 2 (B 3 Π g ) = N 2 (a 1 Π g ) + N( 4 S) (5) populates mainly lower levels of the a a 1 Π g state giving emission proportional to [N] 3 which is enhanced by argon carriers. Some measurements on N 2 (a' 1 ∑ u - ), v ' = 0 are also reported.

Vacuum ultraviolet emission by active nitrogen IV. The kinetic behaviour of N 2 (B' 3 Σ - u )

1972 ◽  
Vol 330 (1580) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Rate Law ◽  
Kinetic Behaviour

Vacuum ultraviolet emission from levels v ' = 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the forbidden (B' 3 Σ - u — X 1 Σ + g ) transition of N 2 is observed in active nitrogen. The emission obeys the rate law I = 1.1 X 10 3 [N] 2 [N 2 ]/([N 2 ] + 2.0 X 10 -8 ) mol cm -3 s -1 over the pressure range 130 to 1070 Pa (1 to 8 Torr) and is enhanced in argon carriers. N 2 (B 3 II g ) is shown to be the precursor of N 2 (B' 3 Σ - u ) in the nitrogen afterglow.

scholarly journals Quantitative Comparison of Five Different Photosensitizers for Use in a Photopolymer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Qi ◽  
Michael R. Gleeson ◽  
Jinxin Guo ◽  
Sergi Gallego ◽  
John T. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
Eosin Y ◽  
Refractive Index Modulation ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Xanthene Dyes ◽  
Excited Triplet ◽  
Free Radical Photopolymerization ◽  
Dye Absorption ◽  
Singlet And Triplet States

Several studies of the time varying photon absorption effects, which occur during the photoinitiation process involving in photopolymer materials, have been presented. Three primary mechanisms have been identified: (i) the dye absorption, (ii) recovery, and (iii) bleaching. Based on an analysis of these mechanisms, the production of primary radicals can be physically described and modelled. In free radical photopolymerization systems, the excited dye molecules induce the production of the primary radicals, R•, which are key in determining how many monomers are polymerized. This, in turn, is closely related to the refractive index modulation formed during holographic recording. In this paper, to avoid the complexities involved in estimating the rate constant of intersystem crossing, kst, in going from the excited singlet state dye to the excited triplet state dye, we introduce two rates, kaS and kaT these are the proposed rate constants of photon absorption in going from the ground state to the singlet and triplet states, respectively. Using the resulting model, four kinds of Xanthene dyes: Erythrosin B; Eosin Y; Phloxine B, Rose Bengal, and one Thiazine dye: Methylene Blue, are experimentally characterised for use in an AA/PVA photopolymer.

Vacuum ultraviolet emission by active nitrogen

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Golde ◽  
B.A. Thrush
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Active Nitrogen

The bounding energy for singlet and triplet states of the negative muonium ion

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Гайсак ◽  
М. Гнатич ◽  
Ю. Федорняк
Keyword(s):  
Triplet States ◽  
Singlet And Triplet States

scholarly journals Regional variability in black carbon and carbon monoxide ratio from long-term observations over East Asia: assessment of representativeness for black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventories

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjoo Choi ◽  
Yugo Kanaya ◽  
Seung-Myung Park ◽  
Atsushi Matsuki ◽  
Yasuhiro Sadanaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
East China ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract. The black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission ratios were estimated and compiled from long-term, harmonized observations of the ΔBC∕ΔCO ratios under conditions unaffected by wet deposition at four sites in East Asia, including two sites in South Korea (Baengnyeong and Gosan) and two sites in Japan (Noto and Fukuoka). Extended spatio-temporal coverage enabled estimation of the full seasonality and elucidation of the emission ratio in North Korea for the first time. The estimated ratios were used to validate the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2.1 based on six study domains (“East China”, “North China”, “Northeast China”, South Korea, North Korea, and Japan). We found that the ΔBC∕ΔCO ratios from four sites converged into a narrow range (6.2–7.9 ng m−3 ppb−1), suggesting consistency in the results from independent observations and similarity in source profiles over the regions. The BC∕CO ratios from the REAS emission inventory (7.7 ng m−3 ppb−1 for East China – 23.2 ng m−3 ppb−1 for South Korea) were overestimated by factors of 1.1 for East China to 3.0 for South Korea, whereas the ratio for North Korea (3.7 ng m−3 ppb−1 from REAS) was underestimated by a factor of 2.0, most likely due to inaccurate emissions from the road transportation sector. Seasonal variation in the BC∕CO ratio from REAS was found to be the highest in winter (China and North Korea) or summer (South Korea and Japan), whereas the measured ΔBC∕ΔCO ratio was the highest in spring in all source regions, indicating the need for further characterization of the seasonality when creating a bottom-up emission inventory. At levels of administrative districts, overestimation in Seoul, the southwestern regions of South Korea, and Northeast China was noticeable, and underestimation was mainly observed in the western regions in North Korea, including Pyongyang. These diagnoses are useful for identifying regions where revisions in the inventory are necessary, providing guidance for the refinement of BC and CO emission rate estimates over East Asia.

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