Examination of the proximate principles of the lichens

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 735-738
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
American Variety ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
Muriatic Acid ◽  
Yellow Solution ◽  
Usual Process ◽  
Organic Research

The author, after adverting to the labours of Robiquet, Heeren, Dumas, and Kane in the investigation of the proximate principles of the lichens, especially of those which yield red colouring matter with ammonia, and also of the more recent inquirers on this subject, such as Schunck, Rochleder, Heldt and Knop, who have greatly extended our knowledge of this interesting but difficult department of organic research, proceeds to state that nearly two years ago his attention was directed by Dr. Pereira to a kind of Orcella weed, which had been recently imported into London from the Cape of Good Hope, but which had been rejected by the London archil manufacturers as being unfit for their use, from the small quantity of colouring matter it yields when subjected to the usual process. With a view to ascertain whether or not the red dyes obtained from the various lichens result from the action of ammonia on a certain crystalline principle, described by Schunck under the name of lecanorine , the author procured quantities of the several lichens usually employed by the archil makers, and subjected them to investigation; the minute details of which, together with the results, are given at length in the present paper. The specimens examined are the following:- I. South American variety of Roccella tinctoria. The lichen was cut into small pieces and macerated with a large quantity of water for some hours, then quick-lime was added. A yellow solution was obtained, from which muriatic acid precipitated the colouring matter, as a bulky gelatinous mass; this was washed, dried on a plate of gypsum, and dissolved in hot spirits of wine (not boiling). The solution on cooling deposited the colouring principle in small white prismatic needles arranged in stars.

Isolation and structure of rolliniastatin 1 from the South American tree Rolliniamucosa

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Pettit ◽  
Gordon M. Cragg ◽  
Judith Polonsky ◽  
Delbert L. Herald ◽  
Animesh Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
South American ◽  
The West ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
American Variety ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Spectral

Rolliniamucosa (Annonaceae), known in primitive medical practices of Indonesia and the West Indies as a treatment for tumors, has been investigated employing the seeds from a South American variety and the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia (PS) for bioassay. The principal antineoplastic constituent (PS, 28% life extension, at 0.25 mg/kg and ED504.5 × 10−5 μg/mL) was found to be a new bis-tetrahydrofuran designated rolliniastatin 1. Structural elucidation of rolliniastatin 1 was accomplished by a combination of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (300 MHz), mass spectral, and X-ray crystal structure techniques.

scholarly journals XII. On the Combination of Chlorine with the Prussiate of Potash, and the presence of such a compound as an impurity in Prussian Blue

1828 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-222
Author(s):  
James F. W. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Metallic Oxides ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Muriatic Acid ◽  
Yellow Solution ◽  
Common Process ◽  
The Common

It has been long known that the Prussian blue of commerce contains an admixture, in greater or less quantity, of alumina, sulphate of potash, and common alum, one or all of them being easily detected in every specimen. The sulphate of potash and the alum may be separated by frequent boiling in water, but they are seldom in such quantity as to render this process necessary. The alumina may be removed by digestion in muriatic acid, and the washing consequent upon this mode of treatment will free it from all the soluble impurities.When the alkalies or earths are digested with Prussian blue, in order to form the common Prussiates, and the yellow solution is evaporated, it almost uniformly happens that after the first or second crop of crystals is separated, there remains a dark brownish-red liquid, which either does not crystallize at all, or gives crystals of the required prussiate of a dirty brown colour, and mixed with a greater or less portion of a red matter, either massive, or in small, red, four-sided needles and prisms. This may be observed in preparing the prussiates of lime or soda by the common process, but has been more frequently taken notice of in forming the cyanide of mercury; because the least colouring matter in this salt is at once perceptible, and because in the preparation of it, a partial loss is of greater consequence. To the presence of a portion of this red salt, particularly in extemporaneous prussiates, I attribute those differences in the colour of the precipitates which they give with the metallic oxides, and which have led some to doubt the accuracy of their indications. The grounds of this opinion will appear in the sequel of the present paper.

scholarly journals VIII. Additional observations on the proximate principles of the lichens

1863 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
American Variety

The Lichens on which I have recently been experimenting are two in number, namely, the South American variety of Roccella tinctoria , which is imported in considerable quantities from the neighbourhood of Lima and Valparaiso, and is known in commerce as “Lima weed;" and the Roccella tinctoria var. fuciformis , the same which I had formerly designated Roccella Montagnei ; it is the “Angola weed ” of commerce. Soon after the publication in 1848 of my first paper on this subject, Dr. Schunck threw out the hypothesis that the various compounds produced by boiling lecanoric, erythric, alpha- and beta-orsellic acids with alcohol were all one and the same ether—the pseudoerythrin of Heeren.

scholarly journals IV. Examination of the proximate principles of some of the lichens

1848 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 63-89 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cursory Examination ◽  
Usual Process ◽  
Made In

The examination of the proximate principles of the lichens, especially of those which yield red colouring matters with ammonia, attracted the attention of some very eminent chemists at a comparatively early period in the history of organic chemistry, and by the labours of Messrs. Robiquet, Heeren, Dumas and Kane, very considerable progress was made in their investigation. Within the last four or five years, Messrs. Schunck, Rochleder, Heldt and Knop have resumed the subject and greatly extended our acquaintance with this interesting but rather difficult depart­ment of organic research. It is but justice to Mr. Schunck to state that he has been by far the most successful cultivator of this field, and that he has done more to elucidate it than any of his predecessors. Nearly two years ago my attention was directed by Dr. Pereira to a kind of Orcella weed which had been recently imported into London from the Cape of Good Hope, but which had been rejected by the London archil manufacturers as unfit for their use, from the small quantity of colouring matter it yielded when subjected to the usual process. The lichen was of considerable size, from eight to ten inches long, and was pronounced by an eminent botanist, Dr. Scouler of Dublin, to whom submitted it, to be merely a large variety of the Roccella tinctoria . I soon ascertained on a very cursory examination, why the lichen had been rejected by the archil makers, for it only contained a small portion of a crystalline principle which yields a red colour with ammonia; I found in its stead, however, a considerable quantity of another crystalline body on which ammonia had no action, and which appeared to have been hitherto undescribed. As it seemed important to ascertain whether or not the red dyes obtained from the various lichens resulted from the action of am­monia on the same crystalline principle, described by Mr. Schunck under the name of Lecanorin, I procured quantities of the several lichens usually employed by the archil makers, and subjected them to investigation. These lichens consisted, —1st, of a large species of Roccella tinctoria from the west coast of South America; 2nd, of the R. tinctoria from the Cape of Good Hope; 3rd, of the R. Montagnei from Angola; and 4th, of the Lecanora tartarea . I had made considerable progress with the investigation of these lichens, and also with that of the Evernia prunastri , when Mr. Schunck’s elaborate paper on the Angola lichen appeared, from which it was evident that at least two varieties of the red colouring principle existed in these lichens. I now therefore proceed to give a detail of the results of these examinations.

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