scholarly journals The Bakerian lecture. - On the radiation of heat from the moon, the law of its absorption by our atmosphere, and its variation in amount with her phases

1873 ◽  
Vol 21 (139-147) ◽  
pp. 241-242 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Zenith Distance ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Single Curve ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

In this paper is given an account of a series of observations made in the Observatory of Birr Castle, in further prosecution of a shorter and less carefully conducted investigation, as regards many details, which forms the subject of two former communications to the Royal Society. The observations were first corrected for change of the moon’s distance from the place of observation and change of phase during the continuance of each night’s work, and thus a curve, whose ordinates represented the scale-readings (corrected) and whose abscissas represented the corresponding altitudes, was obtained for each night’s work. By combining all these, a single curve and table for reducing all the observations to the same zenith-distance was obtained, which proved to be nearly, but not quite, the same as that found by Professor Seidel for the light of the stars.

XVI. The Bakerian Lecture.— On the radiation of heat from the moon, the law of its absorption by our atmosphere, and of its variation in amount with her phases

1873 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 587-627 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Short Series ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

In the years 1869 and 1870 I communicated to the Royal Society the results of a series of experiments made with the view of determining, if possible, the amount of radiant heat coming to the earth from the moon in various conditions of phase, and the nature of that heat as regards the average refrangibility of the rays. Though more successful than I had at first been led to expect, the imperfect accordance between many of the observations still left much to be desired, and the novelty and importance of the subject appeared sufficient to render it advisable to pursue the investigation with greater care and closer attention to details than had hitherto been deemed necessary. Since the conclusion of the series of observations which form the subject of the second paper above referred to, nothing (with the exception of a short series of observations in August and October 1870, of which mention is made towards the end of this paper) was done towards pursuing the subject till the spring of the following year (1871), when the series of observations which form the subject of the present paper were commenced, the same apparatus (only slightly modified) being used and the same method of observation adopted; but, with the view of obtaining an approximate value of the absorption of the moon’s heat in its passage through our atmosphere, and of rendering possible the satisfactory comparison of observations made at different zenith-distances of the moon, the observations were in many cases carried on at intervals at all possible zenith- distances on the same night, and the most favourable opportunities for observing the moon at very different zenith-distances in various conditions of the atmosphere were not lost.

XXIII. On the water-barometer erected in the hall of the Royal Society

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 539-574 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Tube ◽  
French Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

I have for some time entertained an opinion, in common with some others who have turned their attention tot he subject, that a good series of observations with a Water-Barometer, accurately constructed, might throw some light upon several important points of physical science: amongst others, upon the tides of the atmosphere; the horary oscillations of the counterpoising column; the ascending and descending rate of its greater oscillations; and the tension of vapour at different atmospheric temperatures. I have sought in vain in various scientific works, and in the Transactions of Philosophical Societies, for the record of any such observations, or for a description of an instrument calculated to afford the required information with anything approaching to precision. In the first volume of the History of the French Academy of Sciences, a cursory reference is made, in the following words, to some experiments of M. Mariotte upon the subject, of which no particulars appear to have been preserved. “Le même M. Mariotte fit aussi à l’observatoire des experiences sur le baromètre ordinaire à mercure comparé au baromètre à eau. Dans l’un le mercure s’eléva à 28 polices, et dans Fautre l’eau fut a 31 pieds Cequi donne le rapport du mercure à l’eau de 13½ à 1.” Histoire de I'Acadérmie, tom. i. p. 234. It also appears that Otto Guricke constructed a philosophical toy for the amusement of himself and friends, upon the principle of the water-barometer; but the column of water probably in this, as in all the other instances which I have met with, was raised by the imperfect rarefaction of the air in the tube above it, or by filling with water a metallic tube, of sufficient length, cemented to a glass one at its upper extremity, and fitted with a stop-cock at each end; so that when full the upper one might be closed and the lower opened, when the water would fall till it afforded an equipoise to the pressure of the atmo­sphere. The imperfections of such an instrument, it is quite clear, would render it totally unfit for the delicate investigations required in the present state of science; as, to render the observations of any value, it is absolutely necessary that the water should be thoroughly purged of air, by boiling, and its insinuation or reabsorption effectually guarded against. I was convinced that the only chance of securing these two necessary ends, was to form the whole length of tube of one piece of glass, and to boil the water in it, as is done with mercury in the common barometer. The practical difficulties which opposed themselves to such a construction long appeared to me insurmount­able; but I at length contrived a plan for the purpose, which, having been honoured with the approval of the late Meteorological Committee of this Society, was ordered to be carried into execution by the President and Council.

scholarly journals Titles to Life Assurance Policies

1905 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 343-386
Author(s):  
Alfred Ernest Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Question ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In

The chief object for which insurance offices exist is to pay claims; but before any claim can be paid, the question arises—who is the proper person to receive the payment ? If any mistake be made in this, the office may find itself involved in troublesome and expensive legal proceedings, and be compelled to pay the claim twice over. This consideration shows the necessity of insurance officials having some knowledge of law, as it is almost impracticable for them to refer every legal question to their solicitors; and my present object is to draw attention to some of the elementary points which arise in the ordinary course of our business. On the shelves of the library there are to be found papers by Mr. Barrand, Mr. Warren Crosbie, and Mr. Hayter, which should be studied carefully (in addition to the text books) by every one desirous of qualifying himself for a position of responsibility in the claims or law department of his office; but these papers do not exhaust the subject, and I do not propose to allude to the points discussed therein, except in the cases where some further explanation seems desirable or where there has been an alteration in the law or in the practice of the offices.

scholarly journals Prohibition of interrogation of notaries as witnesses in criminal proceedings

1970 ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Ulyana Polyak
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Made In

The current criminal procedure law of Ukraine stipulates that a witness is obliged to give a true testimony during pre-trial investigation and trial, however, the legislator made an exception for this by specifying the categories of persons who have been granted immunity from immunity, ie they are released by law. testify. The article deals with the problems of law and practice regarding the prohibition of the interrogation of a notary as a witness in criminal proceedings and the release of him from the obligation to keep the notarial secret by the person who entrusted him with the information which is the subject of this secret. The notion of notarial secrecy is proposed to be changed, since the subject of this secrecy is not only information that became known to the notary public from the interested person, but also those information that the notary received from other sources in the performance of their professional duties, as well as the procedural activity of the notary himself, is aimed at achieving a certain legal result. The proposal made in the legal literature to supplement the CPC of Ukraine with the provisions that a notary is subject to interrogation as a witness on information that constitutes a notarial secret, if the notarial acts were declared illegal in accordance with the procedure established by law The proposal to increase the list of persons who are not subject to interrogation as witnesses about the information constituting a notarial secret is substantiated, this clause is proposed to be supplemented by provisions that, apart from the notary, are not notarized, other notarials, notaries as well as the persons mentioned in Part 3 of Art. 8 of the Law of Ukraine "On Notary". Amendments to the current CPC of Ukraine by the amendments proposed in this publication will significantly improve the law prohibiting the interrogation of a notary as a witness in criminal proceedings, as well as improve certain theoretical provisions of the institute of witness immunity in criminal proceedings.

Licensing (Scotland) Acts Amendment Bill

1903 ◽  
Vol 49 (205) ◽  
pp. 327-328
Keyword(s):  
Married People ◽  
Black List ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

This Bill, now before Parliament, is practically a repetition of the last English Act. In approaching the subject, however, the authors of the Bill have had to make certain alterations to bring it into conformity with the law of Scotland as already existing. The clauses relative to separation of married people who have become habitual drunkards have been omitted in the Scottish Bill; but the constitution of licensing courts and of licensing law is generally amended. Additional penalties are imposed for offences involving drunkenness, and the black list will be extended north of the Tweed. Much-needed reforms in regard to the registration of clubs are introduced, and it is to be hoped that these will pass into law without delay. There are other matters to which we have repeatedly referred as requiring amendment in connection with drunkards and their doings; and it is to be hoped that amendmentswill be made in the course of the Parliamentary discussions to render this Act still more effective.

The Lawyer's Divided Loyalties: An Introductory Note

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalev Ginossar
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Reverse Order ◽  
National Council ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Introductory Note ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

The three papers published hereafter were presented at an International Conference on the Ethics and Responsibilities of the Legal Profession held in Tel Aviv from 17–21 August 1980. As could be expected, the views expressed therein are not identical, but since they are all connected with the manner in which the nature and the function of the profession is conceived, it may be useful to outline the attitude of the law of Israel on the subject.The Chamber of Advocates Law, enacted in 1961 to supersede the Advocates Ordinance, 1938, declares in sec. 54 that —In carrying out his functions, an advocate shall serve the interests of his client loyally and devotedly and shall help the court to dispense justice.The statute apparently places at the same level the lawyer's duties to his client and to the court: the order in which it enumerates them does not indicate any intention of priority—any more than in the Decalogue the respect due to one's father can be said to take preecdence over that to one's mother. The same two fundamental duties are mentioned, in reverse order, in the Rules of Professional Ethics made in 1966 by the National Council of the Chamber of Advocates with the approval of the Minister of Justice.

Introductory remarks

1994 ◽  
Vol 349 (1690) ◽  
pp. 169-170
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Global Magnetic Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Planetary Missions ◽  
Speculative Hypothesis ◽  
First Time

This year marks not only the twenty-fifth anniversary of the first manned landing on the Moon ( Apollo 11 ) but also the thirty-fifth anniversary of the first planetary missions. The latter was the Soviet Luna 1 and 2 carrying magnetometers to test whether the Moon possessed a global magnetic field. Luna 1 passed the Moon but Luna 2 crash landed, both showed that the Moon had no magnetic field as large as 50 or 100 y (1 y = 10 -5 G = 10 -9 T). Such an experiment had been proposed by S. Chapman ( Nature 160, 395 (1947)) to test a speculative hypothesis concerning magnetic fields of cosmic bodies by P. M. S. Blackett ( Nature 159, 658 (1947)). Chapman’s suggestion was greeted by general amusement: 12 years later it was accomplished. Also two years after the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, Luna 3 was launched and for the first time viewed the far side of the Moon on 9 October, 1959. Laboratories from many countries were invited by NASA to take part in the analysis of rocks returned from the Apollo missions and later from the Soviet automated return of cores from the lunar regolith. British laboratories were very active in this work, and a review of the results of the new understanding of the Moon as a result of space missions formed the subject of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting in 1975 (published in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond . A 285). British laboratories received samples from the automated Soviet missions that took cores from the regolith and returned them to Earth. Work on Luna 16 and 20 samples were published in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond . A 284 131-177 (1977) and on Luna 24 in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond . A 297 1-50 (1979).

scholarly journals On the results of tide observations, made in June 1834, at the Coast-Guard stations in Great Britain and Ireland

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 329-330
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Maximum Magnitude ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Diurnal Difference ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Times ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Made In

On a representation made by the author of the advantages which would result from a series of simultaneous observations of the tides, continued for a fortnight, along a great extent of coast, orders were given for carrying this measure into effect at all the stations of the Preventive service on the coasts of England, Scotland, and Ireland, from the 7th to the 22nd of June inclusive. From an examination of the registers of these observations, which were transmitted to the Admiralty, but part of which only have as yet been reduced, the author has been enabled to deduce many important inferences. He finds, in the first place, that the tides in question are not affected by any general irregularity, having its origin in a distant source, but only by such causes as are merely local, and that therefore the tides admit of exact determination, with the aid of local meteorological corrections. The curves expressing the times of high water, with relation to those of the moon’s transit, present a very satisfactory agreement with theory; the ordinates having, for a space corresponding to a fortnight, a minimum and maximum magnitude, though not symmetrical in their curvatures on the two sides of these extreme magnitudes. The amount of flexure is not the same at different places; thus confirming the result already obtained by the comparison of previous observations, and especially those made at Brest; and demonstrating the futility of all attempts to deduce the mass of the moon from the phenomena of the tides, or to correct the tables of the tides by means of the mass of the moon. By the introduction of a local, in addition to the general, semimenstrual inequality, we may succeed in reconciling the discrepancies of the curve which represents this inequality for different places; discrepancies which have hitherto been a source of much perplexity. These differences in the semimenstrual inequality are shown by the author to be consequences of peculiar local circumstances, such as the particular form of the coast, the distance which the tide wave has travelled over, and the meeting of tides proceeding in different directions; and he traces the influence of each of these several causes in producing these differences. A diurnal difference in the height of the tides manifests itself with remarkable constancy along a large portion of the coast under consideration. The tide hour appears to vary rapidly in rounding the main promontories of the coast, and very slowly in passing along the shores of the intervening bays; so that the cotidal lines are brought close together in the former cases, and, in the latter, run along nearly parallel to the shore; circumstances which will also account for comparative differences of level, and of corresponding velocities in the tide stream. The author intends to prosecute the subject when the whole of the returns of these observations shall have undergone reduction.

XIII. Experimental researches in voltaic electricity and electro-magnetism

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 279-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Made In

The splendid discoveries which have lately been made in magnetism and electro-magnetism have so much engaged the attention of philosophers, that the theory and laws of action of voltaic electricity, no longer possessing the charms of novelty, have been entirely neglected. The subject appearing to me full of interest, and lying at the very foundation of a large portion of physical science, induced me to undertake an experimental investigation of some of the most important points connected with it, the result of which I have the honour of laying before the Royal Society.

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