scholarly journals XIV. On the spectrum of the flame of hydrogen

1880 ◽  
Vol 30 (200-205) ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Carbon Compound

Messrs. Liveing and Dewar state, in a paper read before the Royal Society on June 10 ( ante p. 494 ), that they have obtained a photograph of the ultra-violet part of the spectrum of coal gas burning in oxygen, and in a note dated June 8 they add that they have reason to believe that this remarkable spectrum is not due to any carbon compound but to water. Under these circumstances I think that it is desirable that I should give an account of some experiments which I made on this subject some months since without waiting until the investigation is more complete.

scholarly journals The preparation of eye-preserving glass for spectacles

1914 ◽  
Vol 214 (509-522) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Molten Glass ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Metallic Oxides ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Glass Workers ◽  
The Invisible

Since March, 1909--in connection with the Glass Workers' Cataract Committee of the Royal Society--I have been experimenting on the effect of adding various metallic oxides to the constituents of glass in order to cut off the invisible rays at the ultra-violet and the infra-red ends of the spectrum. The work has been done chiefly in my own laboratory. I have been aided by Mr. Harry Powell, of the Whitefriars Glass Works, who prepared several pots of coloured glass from my formulae on a much larger scale than could be made outside a glass works. From these glasses cylinders and sheets were made. The main object of this research is to prepare a glass which will cut off those rays from highly heated molten glass, which damage the eyes of workmen, without obscuring too much light or materially affecting the colours of objects seen through the glass when fashioned into spectacles, but the work necessitated an examination of the screening properties of glass plates for ultra-violet and luminous light, and therefore the research was enlarged so as to embrace the three forms of radiation.

scholarly journals XIX. On the sulphur-compounds in purified coal-gas, and on crystallized hydrosulphocarbonate of lime

1863 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Sulphur Compound ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Coal Gas

The following facts relative to sulphur in what is called purified coal-gas, are additional to those already submitted to the Royal Society. When I first made known the action of heated lime upon coal-gas, chemists accounted for the phenomena observed by two assumptions:—I. That the sulphur-compound decomposed was free bisulphide of carbon. II. That the decomposition was due to a reaction between water and bisulphide according to the following equation: CS 2 + 2HO = 2HS + CO 2 .

scholarly journals I. On coal-gas

1862 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Complex Substance

A distinguished Fellow of the Royal Society discovered coal-gas, when Rector of Crofton, about two miles from my present parish, and nearly all our knowledge of this complex substance is derived from the labours of chemists who have been, or are, Fellows of the Society. I feel assured, therefore, that an attempt to extend the knowledge of the reaction of coal-gas with various substances will be favourably received, and that the application to practice of the facts made known, will not render a memoir less acceptable to the Society which rewarded alike the abstract researches of Leverrier and the practical ones of Arnott.

scholarly journals V. On the spectrum, visible and photographic, of the great Nebula in orion

1890 ◽  
Vol 46 (280-285) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Bright Line

I have added the name of Mrs. Huggins to the title of the paper, because she has not only assisted generally in the work, but has repeated independently the delicate observations made by eye In the year 1882 I had the honour to lay before the Royal Society a note on the photographic spectrum of this nebula, in which I described a new bright line in the ultra-violet, to which I gave a wave-length of about 3730. In addition to this new line, the lines of hydrogen, H β and H γ , which I had discovered by eye in my early observations on the visible spectrum, were to be seen upon the plate.

scholarly journals I. Note on the spectrum of carbon

1880 ◽  
Vol 30 (200-205) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visible Part

In the year 1878 I communicated to the Royal Society a paper in which the conclusion was drawn that the vapour of carbon was present in the solar atmosphere. This conclusion was founded upon the reversal in the solar spectrum of a set of flutings in the ultra-violet. The conclusion that these flutings were due to the vapour of carbon, and not to any compound of carbon, was founded upon experiments similar to those employed in the researches of Attfield and Watts, who showed that the other almost exactly similar sets of flutings in the visible part of the spectrum were seen when several different compounds of carbon were exposed to the action of heat and electricity. In my photographs the ultraviolet flutings appeared under conditions in which carbon was the only constant, and it seemed therefore reasonable to assume that the flutings were due to carbon itself, and not to any compound of carbon.

scholarly journals Gaseous combustion at high pressures.—Part VII. A spectrographic investigation of the ultra-violet radiation from carbonic oxide-oxygen (or - air) explosions

1927 ◽  
Vol 115 (770) ◽  
pp. 41-58 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Explosion Chamber ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Ultra Violet Radiation ◽  
Air Explosion

The radiation emitted by flames in various circumstances was not much studied until the year 1890 when R. von Helmholtz and (independently) W. H. Julius made the first systematic analyses of the quantity and quality of that emitted by the flames of hydrogen, carbonic oxide, methane and ethylene burning in air at ordinary pressures. Their work, however, does not seem to have been much noticed until, in 1907, H. L. Callendar directed attention to it in connection with the work of the British Association Com­mittee on Gaseous Explosions, which was chiefly concerned with how far radiation is responsible for what is sometimes termed “the missing pressureˮ in closed vessel explosions. In 1910 B. Hopkinson (who was assisted by W. T. David) published his measurements of the total radiation emitted during a coal-gas-air explosion at an initial pressure of one atmosphere in a closed cylindrical vessel (30 cm. × 30 cm.) and the subsequent cooling period. The explosive mixture employed was one of 15 parts coal-gas with 85 of air, such being very nearly the mixture of maximum strength consistent with complete combustion. Two comparative sets of experiments were made, namely:—(i) with the walls of the vessel highly polished, and (ii) in which they were painted with a 0·02 mm. layer of a dead-black lamp-black mixed with a little shellac. The explosion chamber was fitted with a fluorite window, outside of which was fixed a resistance-bolometer, made of a blackened platinum strip, for measuring the radiation emitted.

scholarly journals The ultra-violet absorption spectra and the optical rotation of the proteins of blood sera

1922 ◽  
Vol 93 (651) ◽  
pp. 178-194 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Under Construction

The earlier part of this investigation was described in a paper entitled “The Ultra-Violt Absorption Spectra of Blood Sera,” communicated by Sir William Ramsay, K. C. B., to the Royal Society in 1916 and published in the ‘proceedings’ (series B, Vol. 89, pp. 327 to 335). At the close of the paper, attention was directed to the inadequacy of the sector spectrophotometers then available, and reference was made to one of new design then under construction. In the meantime, a full description of this instrument has been published in a paper entitled “A New Sector Spectrophotometer” by the present writer, in the ‘Transactions of the Chemical Society’ (1919, vol. 115, pp. 312 to 319), together with figure and diagrams. With this instrument completely satisfactory results have been obtained, and with it most of the work now to be described has been done.

scholarly journals XVIII. On the photographic spectra of stars

1880 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 669-690 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Negative Plate ◽  
Definition Of

§ I. Introduction . In the year 1876 I presented to the Royal Society a preliminary note on the “Photographic Spectra of Stars.” I beg now to give an account in greater detail of my methods of work and of the photographs which I have obtained. The importance of supplementing the observations by the eye of the spectra of stars by photographs of the violet and ultra-violet portions of their spectra was so obvious, that as early as the year 1863 my friend Dr. W. Allen Miller and I made the attempt to obtain such photographs in addition to our eye-measures of star spectra. With the apparatus then at our command we were not able to get any clear definition of lines, but a dark streak only upon the negative plate. Other investigations which I then took up prevented me from resuming this line of work. I was also not encouraged to proceed further with photography at that time, as the clock-motion driving the telescope did not work with the accuracy that was necessary.

scholarly journals VIII. Some new experiments and observations on the combustion of gaseous mixtures, with an account of a method of preserving a continued light in mixtures of inflammable gases and air without flame

1817 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Fine Wire ◽  
Slow Combustion ◽  
Wire Gauze ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Solid Bodies

In a Paper read before the Royal Society at their last two meetings, I have described the phenomena of the slow combustion of hydrogene and olefiant gas without flame. In the same paper I have shown, that the temperature of flame is infinitely higher than that necessary for the ignition of solid bodies. It appeared to me, therefore, probable, that in certain combinations of gaseous bodies, for instance, those above referred to, when the increase of temperature was not sufficient to render the gaseous matters themselves luminous; yet still it might be adequate to ignite solid matters exposed to them. I had devised several experiments on this subject. I had intended to expose fine wires to oxygene and olefiant gas, and to oxygene and hydrogene during their slow combination under different circumstances, when I was accidentally led tot the knowledge of the fact , and, at the same time, to the discovery of a new and curious series of phenomena. I was making experiments on the increase of the limits of the combustibility of gaseous mixtures of coal gas and air by increase of temperature. For this purpose, I introduced a small wire-gauze safe-lamp with some fine wire of platinum fixed above the flame, into a combustible mixture containing the maximum of coal gas, and when the inflammation had taken place in the wire-gauze cylinder, I threw in more coal gas, expecting that the heat acquired by the mixed gas in passing through the wire-gauze would prevent the excess from extinguishing the flame. The flame continued for two or three seconds after the coal gas was introduced; and when it was extinguished, that part of the wire of platinum which had been hottest remained ignited, and continued so for many minutes, and when it was removed into a dark room, it was evident that there was no flame in the cylinder.

scholarly journals II. Note on the photographic spectrum of the great nebula ir Orion

1882 ◽  
Vol 33 (216-219) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Cassegrain Telescope

Last evening (March 7) I succeeded in obtaining a photograph of the spectrum of the great nebula in Orion, extending from a little below F to beyond. M. in the ultra- violet. The same spectroscope and special arrangements, attached to the 18-inch Cassegrain telescope with metallic speculum belonging to the Royal Society, were employed which, have been described in my paper on “The Photographic Spectra of Stars.”

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