scholarly journals V. Discussion of Kew magnetic data, especially the diurnal inequalities of horizontal force and vertical force, from ordinary days of the eleven years 1890 to 1900

1916 ◽  
Vol 216 (538-548) ◽  
pp. 187-277 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Regular Part ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
The Absolute

1. In 1901 the development of electrical traction in West London rendered it clear that unless conditions altered in an unexpected direction, no further magnetic records from Kew Observatory would be sufficiently free from artificial disturbances to be an altogether satisfactory medium for the minute study of phenomena such as the regular diurnal variation. The time seemed to have come for taking stock of the records obtained. The measurement of magnetic curves formed no regular part of the work at Kew Observatory until 1890. Prior to that date the Annual Reports contained only a summary of the results of the absolute observations. Since 1890 the programme of work has included the measurement of the magnetic curves for 5 “quiet" days a month.

V. On the influence of height in the atmosphere on the diurnal variation of the earth’s magnetic force

1877 ◽  
Vol 25 (171-178) ◽  
pp. 566-569
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Magnetic Intensity ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute

In a paper in the Society’s Transactions on the earth’s magnetic intensity at Bombay, Mr. C. Chambers has examined the question of the influence of height on the diurnal inequality of the horizontal force. Two instruments were observed simultaneously at 0 h 22 m and 2 h 29 m p. m.: one, a bifilar magnetometer, was 6 feet above the ground; the other, a unifilar absolute-intensity instrument, was 38 feet above the ground. Mr. Chambers has found that, in the interval between the two times specified, the change of horizontal force given by the bifilar magnetometer was rather more than one third (0*37) of the mean diurnal range, and that the absolute- intensity instrument showed a change about one fifth less than the bifilar. This difference he does not think instrumental; and he considers that, if true, “ it suggests the attribution of a very con­siderable magnetic influence to the state of the medium intervening between the upper and lower places of observation,” &c.

scholarly journals II. Magnetic observations made at Stonyhurst College Observatory from April 1870 to March 1876

1877 ◽  
Vol 25 (171-178) ◽  
pp. 314-322
Keyword(s):  
Double Series ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Photographic Record ◽  
Force Curves ◽  
The Absolute

A double series of magnetic observations are being carried on continuously at this Observatory. The monthly determinations of the absolute elements date from the year 1863, but the uninterrupted photographic record of the variations of the Declination and of the components of the Intensity was only commenced in 1867. The photographic curves of the Declination and Horizontal Force have all been measured, and are in course of reduction; and the Vertical-Force curves will soon be taken in hand.

Fore-Aft Forces in Tire-Wheel Assemblies Generated by Unbalances and the Influence of Balancing

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Stutts ◽  
W. Soedel ◽  
S. K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Elastic Foundation ◽  
Torsional Oscillation ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Rolling Motion ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Wheel Rim ◽  
Open Question

Abstract When measuring bearing forces of the tire-wheel assembly during drum tests, it was found that beyond certain speeds, the horizontal force variations or so-called fore-aft forces were larger than the force variations in the vertical direction. The explanation of this phenomenon is still somewhat an open question. One of the hypothetical models argues in favor of torsional oscillations caused by a changing rolling radius. But it appears that there is a simpler answer. In this paper, a mathematical model of a tire consisting of a rigid tread ring connected to a freely rotating wheel or hub through an elastic foundation which has radial and torsional stiffness was developed. This model shows that an unbalanced mass on the tread ring will cause an oscillatory rolling motion of the tread ring on the drum which is superimposed on the nominal rolling. This will indeed result in larger fore-aft than vertical force variations beyond certain speeds, which are a function of run-out. The rolling motion is in a certain sense a torsional oscillation, but postulation of a changing rolling radius is not necessary for its creation. The model also shows the limitation on balancing the tire-wheel assembly at the wheel rim if the unbalance occurs at the tread band.

scholarly journals Report of the Kew Committee for the fourteen months ending December 31, 1891

1892 ◽  
Vol 51 (308-314) ◽  
pp. 152-182
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Increased Activity

The operations of The Kew Observatory, in the Old Deer Park, Richmond, Surrey, are controlled by the Kew Committee, which is constituted as follows: The magnetographs have worked satisfactorily all through since last report. The curves obtained, representing Declination, Horizontal Force, and Vertical Force, have shown a marked increased activity in terrestrial magnetic changes as compared with the preceding year, although no very large disturbances have been registered.

scholarly journals Extract from a letter from M. Kämtz addressed to Colonel Sabine (Translation)

1854 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 300-303
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetism

I have just completed the memoir on terrestrial magnetism which I mentioned to you in former letters. It would follow from the materials which I have employed, that the horizontal force requires constants which differ from those for the vertical force, and the differences, although for the most part not considerable are sometimes too large, as it appears to me, to be overlooked: it is for observers to decide in this matter.

scholarly journals I. On the diurnal variations of the disturbances of the magnetic declination at Lisbon

1876 ◽  
Vol 24 (164-170) ◽  
pp. 373-375
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Magnetic Declination ◽  
The Subject

The Observatory of Infante D. Luiz has possessed since 1863 a set of magnetographs giving continuous records similar to those at Kew. In 1870 the results of the declination magnetograph, from the year 1864 to 1867, were published; and in 1874 the results for the same period of the bifilar and balance magnetographs (results embracing the horizontal force, vertical force, total force, and inclination) were published. At present the results of the declination for 1868 to 1871 are in course of publication. The subject of this short paper is the diurnal variations of the disturbances of the declination. The method which has been adopted for reducing the disturbances is that of Sir Edward Sabine. I have taken ± 2 millimetres, or 2'·26, as the limits, beyond which limits all readings are regarded as disturbed.

Application of System Identification to the Absolute Calibration of Acoustic Emission Signals

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Ling Liu ◽  
Tseng-Hwa Song ◽  
Tsung-Tsong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
System Identification ◽  
Source Function ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Plate Fracture ◽  
Identification Approach ◽  
The Absolute

This paper studies the absolute calibration of acoustic emission signals. The experiments were conducted on a thin plate. Fracture of a glass capillary was adopted to generate a vertical force with a unit-step source function, and an NBS conical transducer was used to record the surface response. It is found that the output of the conical transducer contains surplus wiggles and exhibits amplitude decay. The system identification method is introduced to determine the dynamic model of the system. Calibration using the system model successfully recovers the amplitude and greatly suppresses the surplus wiggles. The method is further improved by subtracting the characteristic curve of the wiggles from the experimental data before the system identification approach is carried out.

Static Analysis on the Measurement System of an Electronic Belt Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 525-529
Author(s):  
Hong Gan ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Xing Hong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Sensor Output ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Supporting Roller ◽  
Weight Sensor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Belt Weigher

The Principal Purpose of the Present Work is to Investigate the Measurement System of a Direct Loading Electronic Belt Scale with a Single Supporting Roller, Revealing the Relationship between Weight Sensor Output and Vertical as well as Horizontal Force Subjected to Carrier Roller by Means of a Finite Element Software ANSYS. the Results Conclusively Indicate that there is a Good Linear Relationship between the Vertical Force and the Sensor Output while the Output is Independent from the Horizontal One with the Full-Bridge Circuit Applied to Measuring Circuit for Transducer. Variation in Horizontal Force Acting on Carrier Roller is Not a Major Source of Error in the Measurement by a Belt Weigher.

Gait analysis by means of plantar friction; ratio of horizontal force to vertical force

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002.1 (0) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka NAKANISHI ◽  
Hidehiko HIGAKI ◽  
Hiroomi MIYAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force
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